Resolving the black hole causality paradox

TL;DR

This paper addresses the black hole causality paradox by demonstrating how the fuzzball paradigm resolves the issue of trapped infalling matter, introducing a new understanding of near-horizon physics and tunneling effects.

Contribution

It shows how the fuzzball paradigm resolves the causality paradox by differentiating between Rindler spaces and explaining entropy-enhanced tunneling near fuzzball surfaces.

Findings

Fuzzball paradigm resolves causality paradox in black holes.

Infalling objects with high energy tunnel before horizon formation.

Distinction between Rindler and pseudo-Rindler spaces affects vacuum fluctuations.

Abstract

The black hole information paradox is really a combination of two problems: the causality paradox and the entanglement problem. The causality paradox arises because in the semiclassical approximation infalling matter gets causally trapped inside its own horizon; it is therefore unable to send its information back to infinity if we disallow propagation outside the light cone. We show how the causality paradox is resolved in the fuzzball paradigm. One needs to distinguish between two kinds of Rindler spaces: (a) Rindler space obtained by choosing accelerating coordinates in Minkowski space and (b) `pseudo-Rindler' space, which describes the region near the surface of a fuzzball. These two spaces differ in their vacuum fluctuations. While low energy waves propagate the same way on both spaces, infalling objects with energies $E\gg T$ suffer an `entropy enhanced tunneling' in the pseudo-Rindler spacetime (b); this leads to the nucleation of a fuzzball before the infalling object gets trapped inside a horizon.