# Dynamic transition of vortices into phase slips and generation of vortex-antivortex pairs in thin film Josephson junctions under dc and ac currents

## TL;DR

This paper investigates how vortices in thin film Josephson junctions transition into phase slips and generate vortex-antivortex pairs under dc and ac currents, revealing complex dynamic states and radiation phenomena.

## Contribution

It provides an exact solution for vortex dynamics under arbitrary currents and explores the effects of damping on vortex behavior and phase slip transitions.

## Key findings

- Vortices turn into phase slips below a critical junction length.
- Underdamped vortices produce Cherenkov radiation and vortex-antivortex cascades.
- Complex current-voltage characteristics with hysteresis and negative differential resistance.

## Abstract

We present theoretical and numerical investigations of vortices driven by strong dc and ac currents in long Josephson junctions described by a nonlinear integro-differential equation which takes into account nonlocal electrodynamics of films, vortex bremsstrahlung and Cherenkov radiation amplified by the attraction of vortices to the edges of the junction. The work focuses on the dynamics of vortices in Josephson junctions in thin films where the effects of Josephson nonlocality dominate but London screening is negligible. We obtained an exact solution for a vortex driven by an arbitrary time-dependent current in an overdamped junction where the vortex turns into a phase slip if the length of the junction is shorter than a critical length which depends on current. Our analytical and numerical results show that the dynamic behavior of vortices depends crucially on the ohmic damping parameter. In overdamped junctions vortices expand as they move faster and turn into phase slips as current increases. In underdamped junctions vortices entering from the edges produce Cherenkov radiation generating cascades of expanding vortex-antivortex pairs, which ultimately drive the entire junction into a resistive phase slip state. Simulations revealed a variety of complex dynamic states of vortices under dc and ac currents which can manifest themselves in hysteretic current-voltage characteristics with jumps and regions with negative differential resistance resulting from transitions from oscillating to ballistic propagation of vortices, their interaction with pinning centers and standing nonlinear waves in the junction.