# Flavour anomalies on the eve of the Run-2 verdict

## TL;DR

This paper reviews recent experimental and theoretical developments in flavor physics, focusing on anomalies suggesting potential violations of lepton universality in B-meson decays, and discusses future research directions.

## Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of current flavor anomalies, their experimental status, theoretical interpretations, and outlines future avenues for investigation.

## Key findings

- RK measurement indicates possible lepton-universality violation.
- Multiple measurements align with the RK effect, supporting a coherent new physics picture.
- Discrepancies in b to c tau nu transitions further suggest non-standard lepton flavor effects.

## Abstract

The RK measurement by LHCb suggests non-standard lepton-universality violation (LUV) to occur in b to s l+ l- decays, with effects in muons rather than electrons. It is intriguing that a number of other measurements of b to s l+ l- transitions by LHCb and B-factories are consistent in magnitude and sign with the RK effect, and fit a coherent effective-theory picture. Further indications of non-standard LUV are provided by the long-standing discrepancies in b to c tau nu transitions via the ratios R(D) and R(D^*). We review in detail the experimental situation and its rich outlook, the theoretical efforts -- and their challenges -- towards convincing dynamics beyond the effective-theory level, and discuss the many directions of further investigation that propagate from the current situation.