# Average value of the cosmic ray injection exponent at Galactic sources

## TL;DR

This study estimates the average cosmic ray injection spectral index at Galactic sources by analyzing observed spectra with two transport models, revealing a consistent index around 2.8 to 3.0 despite medium inhomogeneity.

## Contribution

It introduces a method to determine the cosmic ray injection index considering interstellar medium inhomogeneity using two transport models.

## Key findings

- Injection index p ≈ 2.8–3.0 across models
- Inhomogeneity of interstellar medium accounted for
- Consistent results validate the models' applicability

## Abstract

The energy spectrum of high energy cosmic rays emitted by sources change during propagation in the Galaxy. Using the spectrum observed at the Earth and two different transport models, based on anomalous and normal diffusion equations, we have retrieved an average value of the cosmic ray injection exponent at Galactic sources taking into account the inhomogeneity of the interstellar medium. We have shown that the average value of the injection index $p$, obtained in the framework of both transport models, equals to $p\sim (2.8-3.0)$.