# Physical properties of the very young PN Hen3-1357 (Stingray Nebula) based on multiwavelength observations

## TL;DR

This study provides a comprehensive multiwavelength analysis of the very young planetary nebula Hen3-1357, revealing its elemental composition, dust properties, and evolutionary status through detailed spectral modeling and comparison with other PNe.

## Contribution

It offers the first detailed multiwavelength spectral analysis and photoionization modeling of Hen3-1357, elucidating its elemental abundances, dust characteristics, and evolutionary implications.

## Key findings

- Hen3-1357 is O-rich with amorphous silicate dust.
- Elemental abundances match AGB nucleosynthesis models for 1-1.5 Msun stars.
- The nebula has a significant warm-cold dust component and is similar to IC4846.

## Abstract

We have carried out a detailed analysis of the interesting and important very young planetary nebula (PN) Hen3-1357 (Stingray Nebula) based on a unique dataset of optical to far-IR spectra and photometric images. We calculated the abundances of nine elements using collisionally excited lines (CELs) and recombination lines (RLs). The RL C/O ratio indicates that this PN is O-rich, which is also supported by the detection of the broad 9/18 um bands from amorphous silicate grain. The observed elemental abundances can be explained by asymptotic giant branch (AGB) nucleosynthesis models for initially 1-1.5 Msun stars with Z = 0.008. The Ne overabundance might be due to the enhancement of 22Ne isotope in the He-rich intershell. By using the spectrum of the central star synthesized by Tlusty as the ionization/heating source of the PN, we constructed the self-consistent photoionization model with Cloudy to the observed quantities, and we derived the gas and dust masses, dust-to-gas mass ratio, and core-mass of the central star. About 80 % of the total dust mass is from warm-cold dust component beyond ionization front. Comparison with other Galactic PNe indicates that Hen3-1357 is an ordinary amorphous silicate rich and O-rich gas PN. Among other studied PNe, IC4846 shows many similarities in properties of the PN to Hen3-1357, although their post-AGB evolution is quite different from each other. Further monitoring observations and comparisons with other PNe such as IC4846 are necessary to understand the evolution of Hen3-1357.