# FRiED: A novel three-dimensional model of coronal mass ejections

## TL;DR

This paper introduces FRiED, a comprehensive 3D analytical model of coronal mass ejections that captures their shape, magnetic structure, and evolution, enabling unified remote sensing and in-situ analysis.

## Contribution

The novel 3D CME model unifies geometric and magnetic features, allowing detailed analysis of CME evolution and spacecraft encounters with a single analytic framework.

## Key findings

- Successfully modeled two CMEs with the new framework
- Reproduced magnetic field measurements for complex spacecraft trajectories
- Captured key CME deformations such as deflection and rotation

## Abstract

We present a novel three-dimensional (3D) model of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that unifies all key evolutionary aspects of CMEs and encapsulates their 3D magnetic field configuration. This fully analytic model is capable of reproducing the global geometrical shape of a CME with all major deformations taken into account, i.e., deflection, rotation, expansion, "pancaking", front flattening and rotational skew. Encapsulation of 3D magnetic structure allows the model to reproduce in-situ measurements of magnetic field for trajectories of spacecraft-CME encounters of any degree of complexity. As such, the model can be used single-handedly for consistent analysis of both remote and in-situ observations of CMEs at any heliocentric distance. We demonstrate the latter by successfully applying the model for analysis of two CMEs.