Size Dependence of Nanoscale Wear of Silicon Carbide

TL;DR

This study investigates how the nanoscale wear resistance of silicon carbide varies with contact size, revealing a transition from hardness-dominated to shear strength-dominated wear regimes, with implications for nanoscale material design.

Contribution

It demonstrates a size-dependent transition in wear mechanisms of silicon carbide, highlighting the importance of interfacial shear strength at small contact scales.

Findings

Larger tips show SiC more wear-resistant than Si, consistent with hardness.

Smaller tips reveal SiC less wear-resistant than Si, indicating a regime shift.

Interfacial shear strength of SiC exceeds that of Si, influencing wear behavior.

Abstract

Nanoscale, single-asperity wear of single-crystal silicon carbide (sc-SiC) and nanocrystalline silicon carbide (nc-SiC) is investigated using single-crystal diamond nanoindenter tips and nanocrystalline diamond atomic force microscopy (AFM) tips under dry conditions, and the wear behavior is compared to that of single-crystal silicon with both thin and thick native oxide layers. We discovered a transition in the relative wear resistance of the SiC samples compared to that of Si as a function of contact size. With larger nanoindenter tips (tip radius around 370 nm), the wear resistances of both sc-SiC and nc-SiC are higher than that of Si. This result is expected from the Archard's equation because SiC is harder than Si. However, with the smaller AFM tips (tip radius around 20 nm), the wear resistances of sc-SiC and nc-SiC are lower than that of Si, despite the fact that the contact pressures are comparable to those applied with the nanoindenter tips, and the plastic zones are well-developed in both sets of wear experiments. We attribute the decrease in the relative wear resistance of SiC compared to that of Si to a transition from a wear regime dominated by the materials' resistance to plastic deformation (i.e., hardness) to a regime dominated by the materials' resistance to interfacial shear. This conclusion is supported by our AFM studies of wearless friction, which reveal that the interfacial shear strength of SiC is higher than that of Si. The contributions of surface roughness and surface chemistry to differences in interfacial shear strength are also discussed.