# Calibration Of Proton Accelerator Beam Energy

## TL;DR

This paper presents a method to calibrate proton beam energy in RF accelerators by using reaction thresholds and simulations to accurately determine energy distribution, improving precision in nuclear reaction studies.

## Contribution

A novel calibration technique that uses reaction data and simulations to accurately determine proton beam energy and distribution in RF accelerators.

## Key findings

- The method accurately estimates beam energy using reaction thresholds.
- Simulation data confirms the linear relationship in energy distribution.
- The approach is validated against experimental data with satisfactory results.

## Abstract

When studying the 7Li(p,n)7Be reaction with a RF accelerator, it is difficult to define the precise energy of the beam and its energy distribution, which together fully define the beam, for our purpose. What we do know is the difference between two given energies. We resolve this problem by finding a reference energy and then finding another energy by examining the data, relative to the reference energy. From the difference between them we can approximate the energy distribution for a given energy, and since we know the energy threshold of the reaction (E_threshold for 7Li(p,n)7Be is about 1880.4-1880.8 (keV)) we can calibrate the beam energy. We then determine the energy which produce the maximum yield derivative as the reference and record the energy whose neutron yield is 5% of the reference energy. The data is collected by simulating this reaction using SimLit. Since this is a simulation we know the real energy distribution so we make a linear fit for energy distribution as function of energy difference. We tested the theory on experimental data for which we approximate the energy distribution by other means, and found our new method to be accurate and satisfactory for our needs.