Detection of cosmic rays in the PeV to EeV energy range

TL;DR

This paper reviews recent experimental techniques and findings related to cosmic rays in the PeV to EeV range, focusing on their spectrum and composition to understand their origins and transition from galactic to extragalactic sources.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive review of recent detection methods and experimental results on cosmic rays around the knee and ankle energy ranges.

Findings

All-particle energy spectrum characterized from knee to ankle.

Insights into chemical composition variations across energy ranges.

Evidence supporting galactic origin of cosmic rays in the studied range.

Abstract

Cosmic rays around the knee are generally believed to be of galactic origin. Observations on their energy spectrum and chemical composition are important for understanding the acceleration and propagation of these cosmic rays. In addition, it is required to clarify the transition from galactic to extragalactic sources. In this paper, results of recent experiments measuring around the knee will be reviewed along with the detection techniques. The results on the all-particle energy spectrum and composition in the energy range of the knee up to the ankle will be discussed.