# Uniform Deviation Bounds for Unbounded Loss Functions like k-Means

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new framework for deriving uniform deviation bounds for unbounded loss functions, enabling improved analysis of k-means clustering under weaker distributional assumptions.

## Contribution

It presents a novel method to obtain uniform deviation bounds for unbounded loss functions, with applications to k-means clustering and improved convergence rates.

## Key findings

- Achieved a convergence rate of O(m^{-1/2}) for k-means with bounded fourth moment.
- Showed the rate depends on the distribution's kurtosis.
- Provided improved rates under stronger assumptions like subgaussianity.

## Abstract

Uniform deviation bounds limit the difference between a model's expected loss and its loss on an empirical sample uniformly for all models in a learning problem. As such, they are a critical component to empirical risk minimization. In this paper, we provide a novel framework to obtain uniform deviation bounds for loss functions which are *unbounded*. In our main application, this allows us to obtain bounds for $k$-Means clustering under weak assumptions on the underlying distribution. If the fourth moment is bounded, we prove a rate of $\mathcal{O}\left(m^{-\frac12}\right)$ compared to the previously known $\mathcal{O}\left(m^{-\frac14}\right)$ rate. Furthermore, we show that the rate also depends on the kurtosis - the normalized fourth moment which measures the "tailedness" of a distribution. We further provide improved rates under progressively stronger assumptions, namely, bounded higher moments, subgaussianity and bounded support.