# Flux tubes in the QCD vacuum

## TL;DR

This paper uses lattice simulations to study the properties of chromoelectric flux tubes in QCD, testing the dual superconductor model's validity in explaining confinement.

## Contribution

It provides new lattice-based insights into flux tube characteristics and their dependence on source separation in both pure gauge and full QCD.

## Key findings

- Flux tube properties vary with source distance.
- Dual superconductor model has limited validity range.
- Results support confinement mechanism hypotheses.

## Abstract

The hypothesis that the QCD vacuum can be modeled as a dual superconductor is a powerful tool to describe the distribution of the color field generated by a quark-antiquark static pair and, as such, can provide useful clues for the understanding of confinement. In this work we investigate, by lattice Monte Carlo simulations of the $SU(3)$ pure gauge theory and of (2+1)-flavor QCD with physical mass settings, some properties of the chromoelectric flux tube at zero temperature and their dependence on the physical distance between the static sources. We draw some conclusions about the validity domain of the dual superconductor picture.