# Recovering the mass profile and orbit anisotropy of mock dwarf galaxies with Schwarzschild modelling

## TL;DR

This study demonstrates that Schwarzschild orbit superposition modeling can effectively recover mass and orbit anisotropy profiles of dwarf galaxies, even with limited observational data, helping to resolve the mass-anisotropy degeneracy.

## Contribution

The paper applies and tests the Schwarzschild method on mock dwarf galaxy data, showing its potential to accurately determine mass and anisotropy profiles from realistic observations.

## Key findings

- High accuracy in recovering profiles with large data sets
- Reasonable anisotropy estimates with small data sets
- Mass profile biases increase with data limitations

## Abstract

We present a new study concerning the application of the Schwarzschild orbit superposition method to model spherical galaxies. The method aims to recover the mass and the orbit anisotropy parameter profiles of the objects using measurements of positions and line-of-sight velocities usually available for resolved stellar populations of dwarf galaxies in the Local Group. To test the reliability of the method, we used different sets of mock data extracted from four numerical realizations of dark matter haloes. The models shared the same density profile but differed in anisotropy profiles, covering a wide range of possibilities, from constant to increasing and decreasing with radius. The tests were done in two steps, first assuming that the mass profile of the dwarf is known and employing the method to retrieve the anisotropy only, and then varying also the mass distribution. We used two kinds of data samples: unrealistically large ones based on over 270 000 particles from the numerical realizations and small ones matching the amount of data available for the Fornax dwarf. For the large data samples we recover both the mass and the anisotropy profiles with very high accuracy. For the realistically small ones we also find a reasonably good agreement between the fitted and the input anisotropies, however the total density profiles can be significantly biased as a result of their oversensitivity to the available data. Our results therefore provide convincing evidence in favour of the applicability of the Schwarzschild method to break the mass-anisotropy degeneracy in dwarf galaxies.