Control of an Unmanned Surface Vehicle with Uncertain Displacement and Drag

TL;DR

This paper evaluates and compares low-level control strategies for an unmanned surface vehicle with uncertain and varying displacement and drag, demonstrating the effectiveness of an adaptive backstepping controller in real-world tests.

Contribution

It introduces an adaptive backstepping control approach tailored for USVs with uncertain hydrodynamic parameters, validated through extensive on-water experiments.

Findings

Adaptive backstepping controller effectively manages variable mass and drag.

Modified backstepping controller reduces control overprediction and saturation issues.

Experimental results confirm improved USV stability and performance under uncertainties.

Abstract

Experimental testing of an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) has been performed to evaluate the performance of two low-level controllers when displacement and drag properties are time-varying and uncertain. The USV is a 4.3 meter long, 150 kilogram wave adaptive modular vessel (WAM-V) with an inflatable twin hull configuration and waterjet propulsion. Open loop maneuvering tests were conducted to characterize the dynamics of the vehicle. The hydrodynamic coefficients of the vehicle were determined through system identification of the maneuvering data and were used for simulations during control system development. The resulting controllers were experimentally field tested on-water. Variable mass and drag tests show that the vehicle is best controlled by a model reference adaptive backstepping speed and heading controller. The backstepping controller developed by Liao et. al (2010) is modified to account for an overprediction of necessary control action and motor saturation. It is shown that when an adaptive algorithm is implemented for the surge control subsystem of the modified backstepping controller, the effects of variable mass and drag are mitigated.