# Measurement-device-independent entanglement and randomness estimation in quantum networks

## TL;DR

This paper develops methods for estimating entanglement and certifying randomness in quantum networks with uncharacterized measurement devices, advancing quantum communication security and network analysis.

## Contribution

It introduces techniques to quantify entanglement and certify randomness in measurement device-independent quantum networks, extending beyond mere entanglement detection.

## Key findings

- Entanglement can be estimated in networks with uncharacterized devices.
- Randomness can be certified even with separable states.
- Methods apply to single-party and multi-party quantum experiments.

## Abstract

Detection of entanglement in quantum networks consisting of many parties is one of the important steps towards building quantum communication and computation networks. We consider a scenario where the measurement devices used for this certification are uncharacterised. In this case, it is well known that by using quantum states as inputs for the measurement devices it is possible to detect any entangled state (a situation known as measurement device-independent entanglement witnessing). Here we go beyond entanglement detection and provide methods to estimate the amount of entanglement in a quantum network. We also consider the task of randomness certification and show that randomness can be certified in a variety of cases, including single-partite experiments or setups using only separable states.