Dynamics of the localized nonlinear waves in spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates with time-space modulation

TL;DR

This paper derives exact localized nonlinear wave solutions in spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates with time-space dependent potentials, analyzing their stability and potential experimental realization.

Contribution

It introduces new exact solutions for spinor BECs with variable nonlinearities and trapping potentials, expanding understanding of their dynamic localized states.

Findings

Stable vector breathing solitons identified

Unstable moving breathing solitons in component ψ_0

Potential experimental parameters proposed

Abstract

We investigate the dynamics of the localized nonlinear matter wave in spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates with trapping potentials and nonlinearities dependent on time and space. We solve the three coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equation by similarity transformation and obtain two families of exact matter wave solutions in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions and Mathieu equation. The localized states of the spinor matter wave describe the dynamics of vector breathing solitons, moving breathing solitons, quasibreathing solitons and resonant solitons. The results of stability show that one order vector breathing solitons, quasibreathing solitons, resonant solitons, and the moving breathing solitons \psi_{\pm1} are all stable but the moving breathing solitons \psi_0 is unstable. We also present the experimental parameters to realize these phenomena in the future experiments.