Solitons with rings and vortex rings on solitons in nonlocal nonlinear media

TL;DR

This paper explores the stabilization and dynamics of complex topological solitons, including vortex rings and vortex ring-on-line structures, in nonlocal nonlinear media through numerical simulations and theoretical analysis.

Contribution

It introduces a new class of higher-order cylindrically symmetric solitons with multiple rings and demonstrates vortex ring-line complexes with independent winding numbers in nonlocal media.

Findings

Higher-order solitons with multiple rings are stable in nonlocal media.

Vortex ring-line complexes can be generated by perturbing stable vortex solitons.

Nonlocality prevents collapse and supports complex topological structures.

Abstract

Nonlocality is a key feature of many physical systems since it prevents a catastrophic collapse and a symmetry-breaking azimuthal instability of intense wave beams in a bulk self-focusing nonlinear media. This opens up an intriguing perspective for stabilization of complex topological structures such as higher-order solitons, vortex rings and vortex ring-on-line complexes. Using direct numerical simulations, we find a class of cylindrically-symmetric $n$-th order spatial solitons having the intensity distribution with a central bright spot surrounded by $n$ bright rings of varying size. We investigate dynamical properties of these higher-order solitons in a media with thermal nonlocal nonlinear response. We show theoretically that a vortex complex of vortex ring and vortex line, carrying two independent winding numbers, can be created by perturbation of the stable optical vortex soliton in nonlocal nonlinear media.