Coverage Analysis for Millimeter Wave Networks: The Impact of Directional Antenna Arrays

TL;DR

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of how directional antenna arrays influence coverage in millimeter wave networks, highlighting the importance of realistic antenna patterns and large-scale arrays for optimal performance.

Contribution

It introduces a general framework for coverage analysis with arbitrary antenna patterns and applies it to mm-wave networks using two accurate approximation models.

Findings

Coverage probability increases with antenna array size.

Large-scale antenna arrays are essential for satisfactory coverage.

Proposed antenna models improve analytical accuracy.

Abstract

Millimeter wave (mm-wave) communications is considered a promising technology for 5G networks. Exploiting beamforming gains with large-scale antenna arrays to combat the increased path loss at mm-wave bands is one of its defining features. However, previous works on mm-wave network analysis usually adopted oversimplified antenna patterns for tractability, which can lead to significant deviation from the performance with actual antenna patterns. In this paper, using tools from stochastic geometry, we carry out a comprehensive investigation on the impact of directional antenna arrays in mm-wave networks. We first present a general and tractable framework for coverage analysis with arbitrary distributions for interference power and arbitrary antenna patterns. It is then applied to mm-wave ad hoc and cellular networks, where two sophisticated antenna patterns with desirable accuracy and analytical tractability are proposed to approximate the actual antenna pattern. Compared with previous works, the proposed approximate antenna patterns help to obtain more insights on the role of directional antenna arrays in mm-wave networks. In particular, it is shown that the coverage probabilities of both types of networks increase as a non-decreasing concave function with the antenna array size. The analytical results are verified to be effective and reliable through simulations, and numerical results also show that large-scale antenna arrays are required for satisfactory coverage in mm-wave networks.