# Electric field and electric forces in a spontaneously polarized nonpolar isotropic dielectric

## TL;DR

This paper develops a microscopic approach to describe electric fields and forces in spontaneously polarized isotropic nonpolar dielectrics, extending classical formulas to include spontaneous polarization effects.

## Contribution

It introduces a new method based on microscopic Maxwell equations to analyze electric fields and generalizes Helmholtz's formula for forces in such dielectrics.

## Key findings

- Derived solutions for electric field in various examples.
- Extended Helmholtz's formula to account for spontaneous polarization.
- Provided a theoretical framework for analyzing spontaneous polarization effects.

## Abstract

Based on the microscopic Maxwell equations, we develop a method of description of the electric field in a spontaneously polarized isotropic nonpolar dielectric. We find the solution for the electric field $\textbf{E}(\textbf{r})$ for several typical examples. Moreover, we generalize Helmholtz's formula for the electric force acting on a volume element of a dielectric with regard for the contribution of the spontaneous polarization.