Can Magnetic Multilayers Propel Artificial Microswimmers Mimicking Sperm Cells?

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that magnetic multilayers can be used to create artificial microswimmers inspired by sperm cells, capable of high speeds and controllable steering, offering a new approach to microscale propulsion.

Contribution

The study introduces a magnetic multilayer-based swimmer model that achieves high speeds and controllability, expanding the design possibilities for artificial microswimmers.

Findings

Swimmer can reach speeds over one body length per second.

Magnetic multilayers enable effective propulsion without wave propagation.

The system can be steered along curved paths.

Abstract

We formulate and solve the equations governing the dynamics of a microscopic artificial swimmer composed of a head and of a tail made of a thin film of permanent magnetic material. This is a variant of the model swimmer proposed by Dreyfus et al. in 2005, whose tail is a filament obtained from the assembly of super-paramagnetic beads. The swimmer is actuated by an oscillating magnetic field, and its geometry is inspired by that of sperm cells. Using values for the geometric and material parameters that are realistic for a magnetic multilayer, we show that the model swimmer can reach swimming speeds exceeding one body length per second, under reasonable values of the driving magnetic field. This provides a proof of principle for the viability of the concept. In addition, we discuss the possibility to steer the system along curved paths. Finally, we compare the propulsion mechanism (swimming `gait') of our swimmer with that of sperm cells. The main difference between the two is that, contrary to its biological template, our artificial system does not rely on the propagation of bending waves along the tail, at least for the range of material and geometric parameters explored in this article.