# Phase transitions in chiral magnets from Monte Carlo simulations

## TL;DR

This study uses Monte Carlo simulations to explore phase transitions in a model of chiral magnets, revealing how competing interactions cause a crossover from second-order to first-order transitions, explaining experimental observations in MnSi.

## Contribution

It demonstrates how the ratio of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya to exchange interactions influences the order of phase transitions in chiral magnets, linking microscopic interactions to macroscopic phase behavior.

## Key findings

- The specific heat hump in MnSi is due to smearing of a second-order transition by helical fluctuations.
- Increasing D/J causes a crossover from second-order to first-order phase transition.
- Competing interactions are key to the first-order transitions in helical magnets.

## Abstract

Motivated by the unusual temperature dependence of the specific heat in MnSi, comprising a combination of a sharp first-order feature accompanied by a broad hump, we study the extended Heisenberg model with competing exchange $J$ and anisotropic Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya $D$ interactions in a broad range of ratio $D/J$. Utilizing classical Monte Carlo simulations we find an evolution of the temperature dependence of the specific heat and magnetic susceptibility with variation of $D/J$. Combined with an analysis of the Bragg intensity patterns, we clearly demonstrate that the observed puzzling hump in the specific heat of MnSi originates from smearing out of the virtual ferromagnetic second order phase transition by helical fluctuations, which manifest themselves in the transient multiple spiral state. These fluctuations finally condense into the helical ordered phase via a first order phase transition as is indicated by the specific heat peak. Thus the model demonstrates a crossover from a second-order to a first-order transition with increasing $D/J$. Upon further increasing $D/J$ another crossover from a first-order to a second-order transition takes place in the system. Moreover, the results of the calculations clearly indicate that these competing interactions are the primary factor responsible for the appearance of first order phase transitions in helical magnets with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction.