# Dynamics of solitary waves in ultracold gases in terms of observable quantities

## TL;DR

This paper derives equations linking the dynamics of various solitary waves in ultracold gases to observable quantities, facilitating experimental analysis and applying these to magnetic solitons in Bose gas mixtures.

## Contribution

It provides a simple derivation of equations connecting soliton dynamics with observable parameters, enabling practical experimental measurements.

## Key findings

- Derived equations relate soliton mass and particle depletion to observable quantities.
- Applied the theory to magnetic solitons in Bose gas mixtures.
- Facilitated experimental analysis of solitary wave dynamics.

## Abstract

A variety of solitary waves, such as solitons, vortex rings, solitonic vortices, and more complex entities, have recently been predicted to exist. They can move in superfluid ultracold gases along elongated traps. The theoretical description of this motion requires knowledge of the inertial soliton mass and the effective number of particles in it as functions of the soliton energy. While these functions can be calculated by a microscopic theory, it is also possible to express them directly in terms of observable quantities, such as the order parameter phase jump and the particle number depletion in the soliton. In this article, the corresponding equations are derived in a simple and physically clear way and applied to the recently predicted `magnetic soliton' in mixtures of Bose gases in various spin states.