# Using the Tsallis distribution for hadron spectra in $pp$ collisions: Pions and quarkonia at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5--13000 GeV

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a thermal Tsallis-based model to accurately describe hadron spectra in proton-proton collisions across a wide energy range, providing predictions for future experiments.

## Contribution

It presents a novel combination of the Tsallis distribution and blast-wave model to fit and predict hadron spectra in high-energy $pp$ collisions.

## Key findings

- Successfully describes experimental pion and quarkonia spectra from 5 GeV to LHC energies.
- Provides parametrizations for energy dependence of model parameters.
- Enables predictions for particle yields at new collision energies.

## Abstract

A thermal model, based on the Tsallis distribution and blast-wave model, is proposed to compute hadron double-differential spectra $d^{2}N/dp_{T}dy$ in $pp$ (also high energy $p\overline{p}$) collisions. It successfully describes the available experimental data on pion and quarkonia ($\phi$, $J/\psi$, $\psi(2S)$, $\Upsilon$ family) production at energies from $\sqrt{s} = 5$ GeV to the LHC ones. Simple parametrizations for the $\sqrt{s}$ dependence of the model parameters are provided allowing predictions for the yields of these particles at new collision energies. The model can be used also for the pion Bose-Einstein correlation studies.