Singular skeleton evolution and topological reactions in edge-diffracted circular optical-vortex beams

TL;DR

This paper investigates how edge diffraction affects the singular structure of circular optical vortex beams, revealing complex topological reactions and discontinuities in the evolution of singular skeletons, with implications for optical vortex metrology.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of topological reactions and discontinuities in the singular skeletons of diffracted optical vortex beams using analytical and numerical methods.

Findings

Discontinuous OV trajectories depend on diffraction conditions.

Topological reactions include singularity emergence and annihilation.

Analytical models support numerical results.

Abstract

Edge diffraction of a circular optical vortex (OV) beam transforms its singular structure: a multicharged axial OV splits into the set of single-charged ones that form the 'singular skeleton' of the diffracted beam. The OV positions in the beam cross section depend on the propagation distance as well as on the edge position with respect to the incident beam axis, and the OV cores describe regular trajectories when one or both of these parameters change. However, the trajectories are not always continuous; they may be accompanied with topological reactions, including emergence of new singularities, their interaction and annihilation. Based on the Kirchhoff-Fresnel integral, we consider the singular skeleton behavior in diffracted Kummer beams and Laguerre-Gaussian beams with topological charge |m|=2 and 3. We reveal the nature of the trajectories' discontinuities and other topological events in the singular skeleton evolution that appear to be highly sensitive to the incident beam properties and to the diffraction conditions. Conditions at which the OV trajectory becomes discontinuous and mechanisms by which this is realized are discussed. The conclusions based on the numerical calculations are supported by the asymptotic analytical model of the OV beam diffraction. The results can be useful in the OV metrology and for the OV beam's diagnostics.