# XYZ mesons and Glueballs: effects of the quark-gluon mixing

## TL;DR

This paper explores how quark-gluon mixing influenced by the QCD vacuum's topology impacts the properties of XYZ mesons and glueballs, proposing new interpretations and mechanisms relevant to hadron physics and QCD phase transitions.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel perspective on XYZ mesons as mixed states and proposes a new production mechanism based on topological effects in QCD.

## Key findings

- Quark-gluon mixing significantly affects exotic hadron properties.
- A new interpretation of XYZ mesons as mixed radial excitations.
- Potential large shifts in glueball masses in hot gluonic plasma.

## Abstract

We present the new developments in the physics of XYZ mesons and glueballs and discuss the connection between properties of the $XYZ$ mesons and glueballs, and the structure of the QCD vacuum. It is shown that the mixing between quark and gluon degree of freedoms induced by the nontrivial topological structure of the QCD vacuum might affect strongly the properties of the exotic hadrons. A new interpretation of the $XYZ$ mesons as the mixing between radial excitations of light quark-antiquark systems and states with heavy quark content is suggested. We introduce also a new mechanism of quarkonia production in hadron-hadron collisions coming from the mixing of light and heavy quark sectors of QCD. This mechanism is based on the nontrivial topological structure of the QCD vacuum and might explain the polarization puzzle in inclusive $J/\Psi$ production in high energy reactions. The possibility of big changes of the scalar and pseudoscalar glueball masses in the hot gluonic plasma is established and their consequences in the phase structure of QCD analyzed.