# Long-range proximity effect in Nb-based heterostructures induced by a magnetically inhomogeneous permalloy layer

## TL;DR

This study demonstrates the emergence of long-range proximity effects in simple Nb/Py heterostructures due to an intrinsically inhomogeneous magnetic state in the ferromagnetic layer, expanding understanding of triplet pair formation.

## Contribution

It shows that long-range triplet superconductivity can occur in simple Nb/Py structures without complex magnetic layering, linked to intrinsic magnetic inhomogeneity.

## Key findings

- Long-range effects observed in Nb/Py bilayers with 140-250 nm Py thickness.
- Magnetic inhomogeneity in Py correlates with triplet pair formation.
- Effect linked to stripe magnetic regime in Py at larger thicknesses.

## Abstract

Odd-frequency triplet Cooper pairs are believed to be the carriers of long-range superconducting correlations in ferromagnets. Such triplet pairs are generated by inhomogeneous magnetism at the interface between a superconductor (S) and a ferromagnet (F). So far, reproducible long-range effects were reported only in complex layered structures designed to provide the magnetic inhomogeneity. Here we show that spin triplet pair formation can be found in simple unstructured Nb/Permalloy (Py = Ni_0.8Fe_0.2)/Nb trilayers and Nb/Py bilayers, but only when the thickness of the ferromagnetic layer ranges between 140 and 250 nm. The effect is related to the emergence of an intrinsically inhomogeneous magnetic state, which is a precursor of the well-known stripe regime in Py that in our samples sets in at thickness larger than 300 nm.