# Hyperfine Structure of the $B^3\Pi_1$ State and Predictions of Optical Cycling Behavior in the $X\rightarrow B$ transition of TlF

## TL;DR

This paper measures the hyperfine structure of TlF molecules and predicts their optical cycling behavior, providing data crucial for laser cooling and precision measurements involving TlF.

## Contribution

It provides new measurements of hyperfine and rotational constants and predicts optical cycling efficiency in TlF, advancing molecular laser cooling research.

## Key findings

- Measured hyperfine and rotational constants for TlF B state.
- Updated vibrational branching fractions for TlF.
- Predicted photon scattering limits for optical cycling schemes.

## Abstract

The rotational and hyperfine spectrum of the $X^1\Sigma^+ \rightarrow B^3\Pi_1$ transition in TlF molecules was measured using laser-induced fluorescence from both a thermal and a cryogenic molecular beam. Rotational and hyperfine constants for the $B$ state are obtained. The large magnetic hyperfine interaction of the Tl nuclear spin leads to significant mixing of the lowest $B$ state rotational levels. Updated, more precise measurements of the $B\rightarrow X$ vibrational branching fractions are also presented. The combined rovibrational branching fractions allow for the prediction of the number of photons that can be scattered in a given TlF optical cycling scheme.