About paradox of negativity of specific heat of the system in thermostat

TL;DR

This paper clarifies the conditions under which the specific heat of a system in a thermostat can be negative, showing that negativity is not generally proven and depends on the potential energy uniformity.

Contribution

It demonstrates that the specific heat's negativity is not proven and depends on the uniformity of the potential energy in systems with particles in a thermostat.

Findings

Total energy is a linear function of temperature for such systems.

Isobaric heat capacity can be negative depending on potential energy uniformity.

Negative specific heat occurs when the potential energy uniformity exceeds -2.

Abstract

It is shown that there is no proof of negativity of specific heat of the system placed in thermostat. It is proved that for the system of particles placed in the thermostat and interacting with each other via uniform potential energy the total energy is linear function of the temperature so the isobaric heat capacity is constant along the line of the zero pressure if the latter exists and the isobaric heat capacity is negative for value of the degree of uniformity of the potential energy negative and more than -2 and it is non-negative if otherwise.