# Supernova of 1006 (G327.6+14.6)

## TL;DR

SN 1006, the brightest historical supernova, offers valuable insights into Type Ia supernovae, shock physics, and cosmic ray acceleration, with recent studies favoring a double-degenerate origin and revealing asymmetric ejecta and high-energy electron acceleration.

## Contribution

This review consolidates recent observational evidence on SN 1006, highlighting its asymmetric ejecta, progenitor scenario, and electron acceleration, advancing understanding of Type Ia supernova remnants.

## Key findings

- Absence of surviving companion supports double-degenerate scenario.
- Iron mass in ejecta is less than 0.16 solar masses.
- Detection of synchrotron X-ray emission indicates electron acceleration up to ~100 TeV.

## Abstract

SN 1006 (G327.6+14.6) was the brightest supernova (SN) witnessed in human history. As of one thousand years later, it stands out as an ideal laboratory to study Type Ia SNe and shocks in supernova remnants (SNRs). The present state of knowledge about SN 1006 is reviewed in this article. No star consistent with a surviving companion expected in the traditional single-degenerate scenario has been found, which favors a double-degenerate scenario for the progenitor of SN 1006. Both unshocked and shocked SN ejecta have been probed through absorption lines in ultraviolet spectra of background sources and thermal X-ray emission, respectively. The absorption studies suggest that the amount of iron is < 0.16 M_sun, which is significantly less than the range for normal SNe Ia. On the other hand, analyses of X-ray data reveal the distribution of shocked ejecta to be highly asymmetric especially for iron. Therefore, most of iron might have escaped from the ultraviolet background sources. Another important aspect with SN 1006 is that it was the first SNR in which synchrotron X-ray emission was detected from shells of the remnant, providing evidence that electrons are accelerated up to ~100 TeV energies at forward shocks. The bilateral symmetry of the synchrotron emission (bright in northeastern and southwestern limbs) is likely due to a polar cap geometry. The broadband (radio, X-ray, and gamma-ray) spectral energy distribution suggests that the gamma-ray emission is predominantly leptonic. At the northwestern shock, evidence for extreme, but less than mass proportional, temperature non-equilibration has been found by optical, ultraviolet, and X-ray observations.