# Volumes and bulk densities of forty asteroids from ADAM shape modeling

## TL;DR

This study combines disk-resolved images, photometry, and occultation data using the ADAM algorithm to model shapes and estimate volumes of forty-one asteroids, enabling bulk density calculations and revealing compositional trends.

## Contribution

It provides new shape models and volume estimates for 41 asteroids, integrating multiple data sources with ADAM, and offers insights into asteroid compositions and densities.

## Key findings

- Lower bulk densities for primitive (C-complex) asteroids.
- Large density variation within X-complex asteroids.
- Identification of objects with peculiar bulk densities hinting at uncertain mass estimates.

## Abstract

Disk-integrated photometric data of asteroids do not contain accurate information on shape details or size scale. Additional data such as disk-resolved images or stellar occultation measurements further constrain asteroid shapes and allow size estimates. We aim to use all available disk-resolved images of about forty asteroids obtained by the Near-InfraRed Camera (Nirc2) mounted on the W.M. Keck II telescope together with the disk-integrated photometry and stellar occultation measurements to determine their volumes. We can then use the volume, in combination with the known mass, to derive the bulk density. We download and process all asteroid disk-resolved images obtained by the Nirc2 that are available in the Keck Observatory Archive (KOA). We combine optical disk-integrated data and stellar occultation profiles with the disk-resolved images and use the All-Data Asteroid Modeling (ADAM) algorithm for the shape and size modeling. Our approach provides constraints on the expected uncertainty in the volume and size as well. We present shape models and volume for 41 asteroids. For 35 asteroids, the knowledge of their mass estimates from the literature allowed us to derive their bulk densities. We clearly see a trend of lower bulk densities for primitive objects (C-complex) than for S-complex asteroids. The range of densities in the X-complex is large, suggesting various compositions. Moreover, we identified a few objects with rather peculiar bulk densities, which is likely a hint of their poor mass estimates. Asteroid masses determined from the Gaia astrometric observations should further refine most of the density estimates.