Azimuthally differential pion femtoscopy in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76$ TeV

TL;DR

This paper reports the first azimuthally differential pion femtoscopy measurements in Pb-Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV, revealing oscillations in source radii and a smaller final-state eccentricity compared to initial conditions.

Contribution

It introduces the first azimuthally differential measurements of pion source sizes relative to the event plane at LHC energies, providing new insights into the collision dynamics.

Findings

$R_{side}$ and $R_{out}$ oscillate out of phase, similar to RHIC observations.

Final-state source eccentricity is smaller than initial but remains positive.

Hydrodynamic models qualitatively agree but underestimate oscillation magnitudes.

Abstract

We present the first azimuthally differential measurements of the pion source size relative to the second harmonic event plane in Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon pair of $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76$ TeV. The measurements have been performed in the centrality range 0-50% and for pion pair transverse momenta $0.2 < k_{\rm T} < 0.7$ GeV/$c$. We find that the $R_{\rm side}$ and $R_{\rm out}$ radii, which characterize the pion source size in the directions perpendicular and parallel to the pion transverse momentum, oscillate out of phase, similar to what was observed at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The final-state source eccentricity, estimated via $R_{\rm side}$ oscillations, is found to be significantly smaller than the initial-state source eccentricity, but remains positive; indicating that even after a stronger expansion in the in-plane direction, the pion source at the freeze-out is still elongated in the out-of-plane direction. The 3+1D hydrodynamic calculations are in qualitative agreement with observed centrality and transverse momentum $R_{\rm side}$ oscillations, but systematically underestimate the oscillation magnitude.

Equations

$$C(\mathbf{q})=\frac{A(\mathbf{q})}{B(\mathbf{q})},$$

$$C(\mathbf{q},\Delta \phi )=N[(1-\lambda )+\lambda K(\mathbf{q})(1+G(\mathbf{q},\Delta \phi ))],$$

$$G(\mathbf{q},\Delta \phi )=\exp [-q_{\mathrm{out}}^2{R}_{\mathrm{out}}^2(\Delta \phi )-q_{\mathrm{side}}^2{R}_{\mathrm{side}}^2(\Delta \phi )$$

$$-q_{\mathrm{long}}^2{R}_{\mathrm{long}}^2(\Delta \phi )-2q_{\mathrm{out}}{q}_{\mathrm{side}}{R}_{\mathrm{os}}^2(\Delta \phi )$$

$$-2q_{\mathrm{side}}{q}_{\mathrm{long}}{R}_{\mathrm{sl}}^2(\Delta \phi )-2q_{\mathrm{out}}{q}_{\mathrm{long}}{R}_{\mathrm{ol}}^2(\Delta \phi )],$$

$$R_{\mu }^2(\Delta \phi )=R_{\mu ,0}^2+2R_{\mu ,2}^2\cos (2\Delta \phi )(\mu =\mathrm{out},\mathrm{side},\mathrm{long},\mathrm{sl},\mathrm{ol}),$$

$$R_{\mathrm{os}}^2(\Delta \phi )=R_{\mathrm{os},0}^2+2R_{\mathrm{os},2}^2\sin (2\Delta \phi ).$$

Full text

\PHyear2017 \PHnumber013 \PHdateJanuary

\ShortTitleAzimuthally differential pion femtoscopy in Pb–Pb collisions

\CollaborationALICE Collaboration††thanks: See Appendix A for the list of collaboration members \ShortAuthorALICE Collaboration

We present the first azimuthally differential measurements of the pion source size relative to the second harmonic event plane in Pb–Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon pair of $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\rm NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV. The measurements have been performed in the centrality range 0–50% and for pion pair transverse momenta $0.2<k_{\rm{T}}<0.7$ GeV/c. We find that the $R_{\rm side}$ and $R_{\rm out}$ radii, which characterize the pion source size in the directions perpendicular and parallel to the pion transverse momentum, oscillate out of phase, similar to what was observed at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The final-state source eccentricity, estimated via $R_{\rm side}$ oscillations, is found to be significantly smaller than the initial-state source eccentricity, but remains positive – indicating that even after a stronger expansion in the in-plane direction, the pion source at the freeze-out is still elongated in the out-of-plane direction. The 3+1D hydrodynamic calculations are in qualitative agreement with observed centrality and transverse momentum $R_{\rm side}$ oscillations, but systematically underestimate the oscillation magnitude.

It was first shown in 1960 that the distribution of pions emitted in ${\rm p}\bar{{\rm p}}$ collisions at small relative angles is affected by quantum statistical effects and is sensitive to the size of the emitting source [1]. Since then, the correlation technique with two identical particles at small relative momentum, often called intensity, or Hanbury Brown–Twiss (HBT), interferometry [2, 3, 4, 5, 6], has been used to study the space-time structure of the pion-emitting source from hadron-hadron and electron-positron to heavy-ion collisions (for a review, see [7]). The so-called HBT radii, obtained in these analyses, characterize the spatial and temporal extent of the source emitting pions of a given momentum, the extensions of the so-called homogeneity regions. Due to the position-momentum correlations in particle emission, the HBT radii become sensitive to the collective velocity fields, and as such provide information on the dynamics of the system evolution [7]. Recent measurements of the centrality dependence of the HBT radii in Pb–Pb collisions at LHC energies [8] further confirm the scaling of the effective source volume with the particle rapidity density as well as stronger radial flow at higher energies.

Pion interferometry of anisotropic sources (azimuthally differential femtoscopy) was suggested in [9, 10], and the corresponding measurements [11] appeared shortly after strong directed and in-plane elliptic flow were measured in Au–Au collisions at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) [12, 13]. Anisotropic flow, the response of the system to the initial geometry, is usually characterized by the Fourier decomposition of the particle azimuthal distribution and quantified by the harmonic strength and orientation of the corresponding flow plane. Azimuthally differential femtoscopic measurements can be performed relative to different harmonic flow planes, providing important complementary information on the particle source. For example, the measurements of HBT radii with respect to the first harmonic (directed) flow at the AGS [14] revealed that the source was tilted relative to the beam direction [15]. Azimuthal dependence of the HBT radii relative to the higher harmonic ($n>2$) flow planes can originate only from the anisotropies in collective flow gradients [16, 17] and the observation [18] of such a modulation unambiguously signals a collective expansion and anisotropy in the flow fields. In particular, measurements of HBT radii with respect to the second harmonic (elliptic) flow provide information on the evolution of the system shape, which is expected to become more spherical at freeze-out compared to the initial state due to stronger in-plane expansion. In the recent RHIC beam energy scan, it was found that the eccentricity at freeze-out decreases continuously with increasing beam energy [19], a trend consistent with predictions by hydrodynamic and hadronic transport models [20, 21]. Earlier measurements [22, 23] showed that even at the highest RHIC energies the source at freeze-out remains out-of-plane extended, albeit with eccentricities significantly lower than the initial ones. Hydrodynamical calculations [20] predicted that at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies, about an order of magnitude higher than the top RHIC energy, the pion source should eventually become isotropic, or even in-plane extended.

In this Letter, we present the first azimuthally differential femtoscopic measurements relative to the second harmonic flow plane in Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\rm NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV from the ALICE experiment at the CERN-LHC and compare the results to previous measurements at RHIC energies and to model calculations.

The data were recorded in 2011 during the second Pb–Pb running period of the LHC. Approximately 2 million minimum bias events, 29.2 million central trigger events, and 34.1 million semi-central trigger events were used in this analysis. A detailed description of the ALICE detector can be found in [24, 25]. The Time Projection Chamber (TPC) has full azimuthal coverage and allows charged-particle track reconstruction in the pseudorapidity range $|\eta|<~{}0.8$, as well as particle identification via the specific ionization energy loss $\mathrm{d}E/\mathrm{d}x$ associated with each track. In addition to the TPC, the Time-Of-Flight (TOF) detector was used for identification of particles with transverse momentum $p_{\rm{T}}$  $>$ 0.5 GeV/c.

The minimum bias, semi-central, and central triggers used in this analysis all require a signal in both V0 detectors [26]. The V0 is a small angle detector of scintillator arrays covering pseudorapidity ranges $2.8<\eta<5.1$ and $-3.7<\eta<-1.7$ for a collision vertex occurring at the center of the ALICE detector. The V0 detector was also used for the centrality determination [8]. The results of this analysis are reported for collision centrality classes expressed as ranges of the fraction of the inelastic Pb–Pb cross-section: 0–5%, 5–10%, 10–20%, 20–30%, 30–40%, and 40–50%. The position of the primary event vertex along the beam direction $V_{z}$ was determined for each event. Events with $|V_{z}|<8$ cm were used in this analysis to ensure a uniform pseudorapidity acceptance.

The TPC has 18 sectors covering full azimuth with 159 pad rows radially placed in each sector. Tracks with at least 80 space points in the TPC have been used in this analysis. Tracks compatible with a decay in flight (kink topology) were rejected. The track quality was determined by the $\chi^{2}$ of the Kalman filter fit to the reconstructed TPC clusters. The $\chi^{2}$ per degrees of freedom was required to be less than 4. For primary track selection, only trajectories passing within 3.2 cm from the primary vertex in the longitudinal direction and 2.4 cm in the transverse direction were used. Based on the specific ionization energy loss in the TPC gas compared with the corresponding Bethe-Bloch curve, and the time of flight in TOF, a probability for each track to be a pion, kaon, proton, or electron was determined. Particles for which the pion probability was the largest were used in this analysis. Pions were selected in the pseudorapidity range $|\eta|<0.8$ and 0.15 $<$ $p_{\rm{T}}$ $<$ 1.5 GeV/c.

The correlation function $C({{\bf q}})$ was calculated as

[TABLE]

where ${\bf q}={\bf p}_{1}-{\bf p}_{2}$ is the relative momentum of two pions, $A({\bf q})$ is the same-event distribution of particle pairs, and $B({\bf q})$ is the background distribution of uncorrelated particle pairs. Both the $A({{\bf q}})$ and $B({{\bf q}})$ distributions were measured differentially with respect to the second harmonic event-plane angle $\Psi_{\mathrm{EP},2}$. The second harmonic event-plane angle $\Psi_{\mathrm{EP},2}$ was determined using TPC tracks. To avoid self-correlation, each event was split into two subevents ($-0.8<\eta<0$ and $0<\eta<0.8$). Pairs were chosen from one subevent and the second harmonic event-plane angle $\Psi_{\mathrm{EP},2}$ was determined using the other subevent particles, and vice-versa, with the event plane resolution determined from the correlations between the event planes determined in different subevents [27]. The background distribution is built by using the mixed-event technique [4] in which pairs are made out of particles from two different events with similar centrality (less than 2% difference), event-plane angle (less than 10∘ difference), and event vertex position along the beam direction (less than 4 cm difference). Requiring a minimum value in the two-track separation parameters $\Delta\varphi^{*}$ and $\Delta\eta$ controls two-track reconstruction effects such as track splitting or track merging. The quantity $\varphi^{*}$ is defined in this analysis as the azimuthal angle of the track in the laboratory frame at the radial position of 1.6 m inside the TPC. Splitting is the effect when one track is reconstructed as two tracks, and merging is the effect of two tracks being reconstructed as one. Also, to reduce the splitting effect, pairs that share more than 5% of the TPC clusters were removed from the analysis. It is observed that at large relative momentum the correlation function is a constant, and the background pair distribution is normalized such that this constant is unity. The analysis was performed for different collision centralities in several ranges of $k_{\rm T}$, the magnitude of the pion-pair transverse momentum ${\bf k}_{\rm T}=({\bf p}_{{\rm T},1}+{\bf p}_{{\rm T},2})/2$, and in bins of $\Delta\varphi=\mathrm{\varphi_{pair}}-\Psi_{\mathrm{EP},2}$, defined in the range (0, $\pi$) where $\mathrm{\varphi_{pair}}$ is the pair azimuthal angle. The Bertsch-Pratt [5, 6] out–side–long coordinate system was used with the long direction pointing along the beam axis, out along the transverse pair momentum, and side being perpendicular to the other two. The three-dimensional correlation function was analyzed in the Longitudinally Co-Moving System (LCMS), in which the total longitudinal momentum of the pair is zero, ${p_{1,\mathrm{L}}}=-{p_{2,\mathrm{L}}}$.

To isolate the Bose-Einstein contribution in the correlation function, effects due to final-state Coulomb repulsion must be taken into account. For that, the Bowler-Sinyukov fitting procedure [28, 29] was used in which the Coulomb weight is only applied to the fraction of pairs ($\lambda$) that participate in the Bose-Einstein correlation. In this approach, the correlation function is fitted to

[TABLE]

where $N$ is the normalization factor. The function $G({{\bf q}},\Delta\varphi)$ describes the Bose-Einstein correlations and $K({{\bf q}})$ is the Coulomb part of the two-pion wave function integrated over a source function corresponding to $G({{\bf q}})$. In this analysis the Gaussian form of $G({{\bf q}},\Delta\varphi)$ was used [30]:

[TABLE]

where the parameters $R_{\rm out}$, $R_{\rm side}$, and $R_{\rm long}$ are traditionally called HBT radii in the out, side, and long directions. The cross-terms $R_{\rm os}^{2}$, $R_{\rm sl}^{2}$, and $R_{\rm ol}^{2}$ describe the correlation in the out-side, side-long, and out-long directions, respectively.

The systematic errors on the extracted radii vary within 3–9% depending on $k_{\rm{T}}$ and centrality. They include uncertainties related to the tracking efficiency and track quality, momentum resolution  [31], different pair cuts ($\Delta\varphi^{*}$ and $\Delta\eta$), and correlation function fit ranges. Positive and negative pion pairs as well as data obtained with two opposite magnetic field polarities of the ALICE L3 magnet have been analyzed separately and a small difference in the results (less than 3%) has been also accounted for in the systematic error. The total systematic errors were obtained from adding the above systematic errors in quadrature.

Other than being differential in the event plane, this analysis is similar in most aspects to the analysis reported in [31], and further details can be found there. The results reported below were obtained with the second harmonic event plane [27] determined with the TPC tracks. It was checked that they are consistent with the results obtained with the event-plane angle determined with the V0 detector.

Figure 1 presents the dependence of $R_{\rm out}^{2}$, $R_{\rm side}^{2}$, $R_{\rm long}^{2}$, $R_{\rm os}^{2}$, and $\lambda$ on the pion emission angle relative to the second harmonic event plane. The results are shown for the centrality classes 20–30% in four ranges of $k_{\rm{T}}$: 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.4, 0.4–0.5, and 0.5–0.7 GeV/c. $R_{\rm out}^{2}$ and $R_{\rm side}^{2}$ exhibit clear out-of-phase oscillations. No oscillations for $R_{\rm long}^{2}$ and $\lambda$ are observed within the uncertainties of the measurement. The parameter $R_{\rm os}^{2}$ shows very similar oscillations for all $k_{\rm{T}}$ bins. $R_{\rm ol}^{2}$ and $R_{\rm sl}^{2}$ (not shown) are found to be consistent with zero, as expected due to symmetry, and are not further investigated in this analysis. A possible correlation between $\lambda$ and the extracted radii was checked by fixing $\lambda$. No change in the radii has been observed. The curves represent the fits to the data using the functions [9, 10]:

[TABLE]

Fitting the radii’s azimuthal dependence with the functional form of Eq. Azimuthally differential pion femtoscopy in Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\rm NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV allows us to extract the average radii and the amplitudes of oscillations. The latter have to be corrected for the finite event plane resolution. There exist several methods for such a correction [7], which produce very similar results [19] well within errors of this analysis. The results shown below have been obtained with the simplest method first used by the E895 Collaboration [14], in which the amplitude of oscillation is divided by the event plane resolution factor. The correction is about 5–15%, depending on centrality.

Figure 2 shows the average radii for different $k_{\rm{T}}$ values as a function of centrality. The average radii obtained in this analysis are consistent with the results reported in [31]. As expected, the radii are larger in more central collisions and at smaller $k_{\rm{T}}$ values, the latter reflecting the effect of radial flow [7, 33]. The cross-term $R_{{\rm os},0}^{2}$ is consistent with zero, as expected due to the symmetry of the system. Figure 2 also shows the average radii calculated for charged pions in the pseudorapidity range $|\eta|<2$ from 3+1D hydrodynamic calculations [32], assuming freeze-out temperature $T_{f}$ = 150 MeV and a constant shear viscosity to entropy density ratio $\eta/s$ = 0.08. The 3+1D hydrodynamic calculations, while correctly describing the qualitative features of the average radii dependence on centrality and $k_{\rm{T}}$, fail to describe our results quantitatively.

Figure 3 shows the relative amplitudes of the radius oscillations $R^{2}_{{\rm out},2}/R^{2}_{{\rm side},0}$, $R^{2}_{{\rm side},2}/R^{2}_{{\rm side},0}$, $R^{2}_{{\rm long},2}/R^{2}_{{\rm long},0}$, and $R^{2}_{{\rm os},2}/R^{2}_{{\rm side},0}$. When comparing our results to the ones obtained by the STAR experiment, we observe similar relative oscillations, however STAR results [22, 23] show on average larger oscillations for $R_{\rm side}^{2}$. Our relative amplitudes for $R^{2}_{\rm out,2}/R^{2}_{\rm side,0}$, $R^{2}_{\rm side,2}/R^{2}_{\rm side,0}$, and $R^{2}_{{\rm os},2}/R^{2}_{{\rm side},0}$ show a clear centrality dependence, whereas the $R^{2}_{\rm long,2}/R^{2}_{\rm long,0}$ is very close to zero for all centralities, similarly to the results from RHIC [22, 19, 34].

The source eccentricity is usually defined as $\varepsilon=(R^{2}_{y}-R^{2}_{x})/(R^{2}_{y}+R^{2}_{x})$, where $R_{x}$ is the in-plane radius of the (assumed) elliptical source and $R_{y}$ is the out-of-plane radius. As shown in [33] the relative amplitudes of side radii oscillations are mostly determined by the spatial source anisotropy and are less affected by dynamical effects such as velocity gradients. The source eccentricity at freeze-out $\varepsilon_{\rm final}$ can be estimated from $R^{2}_{\rm side}$ oscillations at small pion momenta with an accuracy within 20–30% as $\varepsilon_{\rm final}\approx 2R_{{\rm side},2}^{2}/R_{{\rm side},0}^{2}$ [33].

Figure 4 presents $2R_{{\rm side},2}^{2}/R_{{\rm side},0}^{2}$ for different $k_{\rm{T}}$ ranges as a function of the initial-state eccentricity for six different centralities and four $k_{\rm{T}}$ bins. For the initial eccentricity we have used the nucleon participant eccentricity from the Monte Carlo Glauber model for both, Au–Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\rm NN}}}$ =200 GeV [18] and Pb–Pb collision at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\rm NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV [35]. Our results for all $k_{\rm{T}}$ bins are significantly below the values of the initial eccentricity indicating a more intense expansion in the in-plane direction. Due to relatively large uncertainties of the RHIC results for narrow $k_{\rm{T}}$ bins, we compare our results only to the average STAR data [22] in $0.15<k_{\rm{T}}<0.6$ GeV/c  and to PHENIX results [18] corresponding to $0.2<k_{\rm{T}}<2.0$ GeV/c  ($\left\langle k_{\rm{T}}\right\rangle=0.53$ GeV/c). We find a smaller final-state anisotropy in the LHC regime compared to RHIC energies. This trend is qualitatively consistent with expectations from hydrodynamic and transport models [20, 21]. The final-state eccentricity remains positive also at the LHC, evidence of an out-of-plane elongated source at freeze-out. In Fig. 4, we also compare our results to the 3+1D hydrodynamic calculations [32], which were performed for similar centralities and $k_{\rm{T}}$ ranges as in the experiment. This model slightly underestimates the final source eccentricity.

In conclusion, we have performed a measurement of two-pion azimuthally differential femtoscopy relative to the second harmonic flow plane in Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\rm NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV. The out, side, and out-side radii exhibit clear oscillations while the long radius is consistent with a constant. The relative amplitudes of oscillations only weakly depend on $k_{\rm{T}}$, with the side-radii oscillation slightly increasing with $k_{\rm{T}}$. The final-state source eccentricity, estimated via side-radius oscillations, is noticeably smaller than at lower collisions energies, but still exhibits an out-of-plane elongated source at freeze-out even after a stronger in-plane expansion. The final eccentricity is slightly larger than that predicted by existing hydrodynamic calculations.

Acknowledgements

The ALICE Collaboration would like to thank all its engineers and technicians for their invaluable contributions to the construction of the experiment and the CERN accelerator teams for the outstanding performance of the LHC complex. The ALICE Collaboration gratefully acknowledges the resources and support provided by all Grid centres and the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) collaboration. The ALICE Collaboration acknowledges the following funding agencies for their support in building and running the ALICE detector: A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation (ANSL), State Committee of Science and World Federation of Scientists (WFS), Armenia; Austrian Academy of Sciences and Nationalstiftung für Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung, Austria; Ministry of Communications and High Technologies, National Nuclear Research Center, Azerbaijan; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Brazil; Ministry of Science & Technology of China (MSTC), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and Ministry of Education of China (MOEC) , China; Ministry of Science, Education and Sport and Croatian Science Foundation, Croatia; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic; The Danish Council for Independent Research — Natural Sciences, the Carlsberg Foundation and Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF), Denmark; Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Finland; Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA) and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France; Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie (BMBF) and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Germany; Ministry of Education, Research and Religious Affairs, Greece; National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary; Department of Atomic Energy Government of India (DAE) and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India; Indonesian Institute of Science, Indonesia; Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy; Institute for Innovative Science and Technology , Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science (IIST), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI and Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia (CONACYT) y Tecnología, through Fondo de Cooperación Internacional en Ciencia y Tecnología (FONCICYT) and Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Academico (DGAPA), Mexico; Nationaal instituut voor subatomaire fysica (Nikhef), Netherlands; The Research Council of Norway, Norway; Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South (COMSATS), Pakistan; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Peru; Ministry of Science and Higher Education and National Science Centre, Poland; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), Republic of Korea; Ministry of Education and Scientific Research, Institute of Atomic Physics and Romanian National Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation, Romania; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Russia; Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, Slovakia; National Research Foundation of South Africa, South Africa; Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Cubaenergía, Cuba, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion and Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Spain; Swedish Research Council (VR) and Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW), Sweden; European Organization for Nuclear Research, Switzerland; National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSDTA), Suranaree University of Technology (SUT) and Office of the Higher Education Commission under NRU project of Thailand, Thailand; Turkish Atomic Energy Agency (TAEK), Turkey; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), United Kingdom; National Science Foundation of the United States of America (NSF) and United States Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics (DOE NP), United States of America.

Appendix A The ALICE Collaboration

D. Adamová${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 87}}$, M.M. Aggarwal${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 91}}$, G. Aglieri Rinella${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, M. Agnello${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 30}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 113}}$, N. Agrawal${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 47}}$, Z. Ahammed${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 139}}$, S. Ahmad${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 17}}$, S.U. Ahn${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 69}}$, S. Aiola${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 143}}$, A. Akindinov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 54}}$, S.N. Alam${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 139}}$, D.S.D. Albuquerque${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 124}}$, D. Aleksandrov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 83}}$, B. Alessandro${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 113}}$, D. Alexandre${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 104}}$, R. Alfaro Molina${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 64}}$, A. Alici${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 12}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 107}}$, A. Alkin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 3}}$, J. Alme${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 21}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 36}}$, T. Alt${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 41}}$, S. Altinpinar${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 21}}$, I. Altsybeev${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 138}}$, C. Alves Garcia Prado${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 123}}$, M. An${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$, C. Andrei${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 80}}$, H.A. Andrews${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 104}}$, A. Andronic${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 100}}$, V. Anguelov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 96}}$, C. Anson${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 90}}$, T. Antičić${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 101}}$, F. Antinori${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 110}}$, P. Antonioli${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 107}}$, R. Anwar${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 126}}$, L. Aphecetche${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 116}}$, H. Appelshäuser${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 60}}$, S. Arcelli${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 26}}$, R. Arnaldi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 113}}$, O.W. Arnold${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 97}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 35}}$, I.C. Arsene${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 20}}$, M. Arslandok${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 60}}$, B. Audurier${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 116}}$, A. Augustinus${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, R. Averbeck${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 100}}$, M.D. Azmi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 17}}$, A. Badalà${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 109}}$, Y.W. Baek${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 68}}$, S. Bagnasco${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 113}}$, R. Bailhache${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 60}}$, R. Bala${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 93}}$, A. Baldisseri${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 65}}$, M. Ball${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 44}}$, R.C. Baral${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 57}}$, A.M. Barbano${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 25}}$, R. Barbera${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 27}}$, F. Barile${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 32}}$, L. Barioglio${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 25}}$, G.G. Barnaföldi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 142}}$, L.S. Barnby${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 104}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, V. Barret${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 71}}$, P. Bartalini${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$, K. Barth${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, J. Bartke${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 120}}$\Aref0, E. Bartsch${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 60}}$, M. Basile${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 26}}$, N. Bastid${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 71}}$, S. Basu${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 139}}$, B. Bathen${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 61}}$, G. Batigne${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 116}}$, A. Batista Camejo${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 71}}$, B. Batyunya${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 67}}$, P.C. Batzing${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 20}}$, I.G. Bearden${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 84}}$, H. Beck${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 96}}$, C. Bedda${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 30}}$, N.K. Behera${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 50}}$, I. Belikov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 135}}$, F. Bellini${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 26}}$, H. Bello Martinez${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 2}}$, R. Bellwied${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 126}}$, L.G.E. Beltran${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 122}}$, V. Belyaev${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 76}}$, G. Bencedi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 142}}$, S. Beole${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 25}}$, A. Bercuci${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 80}}$, Y. Berdnikov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 89}}$, D. Berenyi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 142}}$, R.A. Bertens${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 53}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 129}}$, D. Berzano${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, L. Betev${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, A. Bhasin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 93}}$, I.R. Bhat${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 93}}$, A.K. Bhati${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 91}}$, B. Bhattacharjee${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 43}}$, J. Bhom${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 120}}$, L. Bianchi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 126}}$, N. Bianchi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 73}}$, C. Bianchin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 141}}$, J. Bielčík${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 38}}$, J. Bielčíková${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 87}}$, A. Bilandzic${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 35}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 97}}$, G. Biro${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 142}}$, R. Biswas${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 4}}$, S. Biswas${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 4}}$, J.T. Blair${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 121}}$, D. Blau${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 83}}$, C. Blume${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 60}}$, G. Boca${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 136}}$, F. Bock${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 75}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 96}}$, A. Bogdanov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 76}}$, L. Boldizsár${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 142}}$, 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L.A.P. Moreno${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 2}}$, S. Moretto${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 28}}$, A. Morreale${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 116}}$, A. Morsch${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, V. Muccifora${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 73}}$, E. Mudnic${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 119}}$, D. Mühlheim${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 61}}$, S. Muhuri${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 139}}$, M. Mukherjee${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 139}}$, J.D. Mulligan${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 143}}$, M.G. Munhoz${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 123}}$, K. Münning${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 44}}$, R.H. Munzer${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 35}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 97}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 60}}$, H. Murakami${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 131}}$, S. Murray${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 66}}$, L. Musa${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, J. Musinsky${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 55}}$, C.J. Myers${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 126}}$, B. Naik${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 47}}$, R. Nair${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 79}}$, B.K. Nandi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 47}}$, R. Nania${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 107}}$, E. Nappi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 106}}$, M.U. Naru${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 15}}$, H. Natal da Luz${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 123}}$, C. Nattrass${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 129}}$, S.R. Navarro${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 2}}$, K. Nayak${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 81}}$, R. Nayak${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 47}}$, T.K. Nayak${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 139}}$, S. Nazarenko${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 102}}$, A. Nedosekin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 54}}$, R.A. Negrao De Oliveira${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, L. Nellen${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 62}}$, S.V. Nesbo${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 36}}$, F. Ng${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 126}}$, M. Nicassio${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 100}}$, M. Niculescu${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 58}}$, J. Niedziela${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, B.S. Nielsen${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 84}}$, S. Nikolaev${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 83}}$, S. Nikulin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 83}}$, V. Nikulin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 89}}$, F. Noferini${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 107}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 12}}$, P. Nomokonov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 67}}$, G. Nooren${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 53}}$, J.C.C. Noris${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 2}}$, J. Norman${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 128}}$, A. Nyanin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 83}}$, J. Nystrand${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 21}}$, H. Oeschler${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 96}}$, S. Oh${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 143}}$, A. Ohlson${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 96}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, T. Okubo${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 46}}$, L. Olah${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 142}}$, J. Oleniacz${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 140}}$, A.C. Oliveira Da Silva${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 123}}$, M.H. Oliver${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 143}}$, J. Onderwaater${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 100}}$, C. Oppedisano${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 113}}$, R. Orava${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 45}}$, M. Oravec${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 118}}$, A. Ortiz Velasquez${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 62}}$, A. Oskarsson${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 33}}$, J. Otwinowski${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 120}}$, K. Oyama${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 77}}$, M. Ozdemir${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 60}}$, Y. Pachmayer${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 96}}$, V. Pacik${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 84}}$, D. Pagano${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 137}}$, P. Pagano${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 29}}$, G. Paić${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 62}}$, S.K. Pal${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 139}}$, P. Palni${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$, J. Pan${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 141}}$, A.K. Pandey${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 47}}$, S. Panebianco${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 65}}$, V. Papikyan${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 1}}$, G.S. Pappalardo${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 109}}$, P. Pareek${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 48}}$, J. Park${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 50}}$, W.J. Park${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 100}}$, S. Parmar${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 91}}$, A. Passfeld${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 61}}$, S.P. Pathak${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 126}}$, V. Paticchio${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 106}}$, R.N. Patra${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 139}}$, B. Paul${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 113}}$, H. Pei${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$, T. Peitzmann${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 53}}$, X. Peng${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$, L.G. Pereira${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 63}}$, H. Pereira Da Costa${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 65}}$, D. Peresunko${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 83}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 76}}$, E. Perez Lezama${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 60}}$, V. Peskov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 60}}$, Y. Pestov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 5}}$, V. Petráček${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 38}}$, V. Petrov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 114}}$, M. Petrovici${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 80}}$, C. Petta${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 27}}$, R.P. Pezzi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 63}}$, S. Piano${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 112}}$, M. Pikna${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 37}}$, P. Pillot${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 116}}$, L.O.D.L. Pimentel${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 84}}$, O. Pinazza${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 107}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, L. Pinsky${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 126}}$, D.B. Piyarathna${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 126}}$, M. Płoskoń${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 75}}$, M. Planinic${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 133}}$, J. Pluta${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 140}}$, S. Pochybova${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 142}}$, P.L.M. Podesta-Lerma${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 122}}$, M.G. Poghosyan${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 88}}$, B. Polichtchouk${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 114}}$, N. Poljak${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 133}}$, W. Poonsawat${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 117}}$, A. Pop${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 80}}$, H. Poppenborg${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 61}}$, S. Porteboeuf-Houssais${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 71}}$, J. Porter${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 75}}$, J. Pospisil${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 87}}$, V. Pozdniakov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 67}}$, S.K. Prasad${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 4}}$, R. Preghenella${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 107}}$, F. Prino${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 113}}$, C.A. Pruneau${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 141}}$, I. Pshenichnov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 52}}$, M. Puccio${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 25}}$, G. Puddu${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 23}}$, P. Pujahari${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 141}}$, V. Punin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 102}}$, J. Putschke${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 141}}$, H. Qvigstad${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 20}}$, A. Rachevski${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 112}}$, S. Raha${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 4}}$, S. Rajput${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 93}}$, J. Rak${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 127}}$, A. Rakotozafindrabe${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 65}}$, L. Ramello${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 31}}$, F. Rami${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 135}}$, D.B. Rana${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 126}}$, R. Raniwala${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 94}}$, S. Raniwala${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 94}}$, S.S. Räsänen${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 45}}$, B.T. Rascanu${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 60}}$, D. Rathee${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 91}}$, V. Ratza${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 44}}$, I. Ravasenga${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 30}}$, K.F. Read${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 88}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 129}}$, K. Redlich${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 79}}$, A. Rehman${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 21}}$, P. Reichelt${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 60}}$, F. Reidt${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, X. Ren${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$, R. Renfordt${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 60}}$, A.R. Reolon${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 73}}$, A. Reshetin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 52}}$, K. Reygers${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 96}}$, V. Riabov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 89}}$, R.A. Ricci${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 74}}$, T. Richert${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 53}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 33}}$, M. Richter${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 20}}$, P. Riedler${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, W. Riegler${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, F. Riggi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 27}}$, C. Ristea${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 58}}$, M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 2}}$, K. Røed${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 20}}$, E. Rogochaya${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 67}}$, D. Rohr${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 41}}$, D. Röhrich${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 21}}$, P.S. Rokita${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 140}}$, F. Ronchetti${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 73}}$, L. Ronflette${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 116}}$, P. Rosnet${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 71}}$, A. Rossi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 28}}$, A. Rotondi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 136}}$, F. Roukoutakis${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 78}}$, A. Roy${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 48}}$, C. Roy${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 135}}$, P. Roy${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 103}}$, A.J. Rubio Montero${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 10}}$, R. Rui${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 24}}$, R. Russo${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 25}}$, A. Rustamov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 82}}$, E. Ryabinkin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 83}}$, Y. Ryabov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 89}}$, A. Rybicki${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 120}}$, S. Saarinen${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 45}}$, S. Sadhu${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 139}}$, S. Sadovsky${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 114}}$, K. Šafařík${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, S.K. Saha${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 139}}$, B. Sahlmuller${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 60}}$, B. Sahoo${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 47}}$, P. Sahoo${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 48}}$, R. Sahoo${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 48}}$, S. Sahoo${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 57}}$, P.K. Sahu${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 57}}$, J. Saini${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 139}}$, S. Sakai${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 73}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 132}}$, M.A. Saleh${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 141}}$, J. Salzwedel${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 18}}$, S. Sambyal${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 93}}$, V. Samsonov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 76}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 89}}$, A. Sandoval${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 64}}$, D. Sarkar${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 139}}$, N. Sarkar${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 139}}$, P. Sarma${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 43}}$, M.H.P. Sas${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 53}}$, E. Scapparone${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 107}}$, F. Scarlassara${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 28}}$, R.P. Scharenberg${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 98}}$, H.S. Scheid${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 60}}$, C. Schiaua${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 80}}$, R. Schicker${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 96}}$, C. Schmidt${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 100}}$, H.R. Schmidt${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 95}}$, M.O. Schmidt${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 96}}$, M. Schmidt${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 95}}$, J. Schukraft${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, Y. Schutz${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 116}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 135}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, K. Schwarz${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 100}}$, K. Schweda${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 100}}$, G. Scioli${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 26}}$, E. Scomparin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 113}}$, R. Scott${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 129}}$, M. Šefčík${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 39}}$, J.E. Seger${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 90}}$, Y. Sekiguchi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 131}}$, D. Sekihata${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 46}}$, I. Selyuzhenkov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 76}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 100}}$, K. Senosi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 66}}$, S. Senyukov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 3}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 135}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, E. Serradilla${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 64}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 10}}$, P. Sett${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 47}}$, A. Sevcenco${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 58}}$, A. Shabanov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 52}}$, A. Shabetai${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 116}}$, O. Shadura${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 3}}$, R. Shahoyan${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, A. Shangaraev${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 114}}$, A. Sharma${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 93}}$, A. Sharma${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 91}}$, M. Sharma${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 93}}$, M. Sharma${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 93}}$, N. Sharma${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 129}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 91}}$, A.I. Sheikh${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 139}}$, K. Shigaki${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 46}}$, Q. Shou${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$, K. Shtejer${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 25}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 9}}$, Y. Sibiriak${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 83}}$, S. Siddhanta${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 108}}$, K.M. Sielewicz${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, T. Siemiarczuk${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 79}}$, D. Silvermyr${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 33}}$, C. Silvestre${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 72}}$, G. Simatovic${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 133}}$, G. Simonetti${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, R. Singaraju${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 139}}$, R. Singh${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 81}}$, V. Singhal${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 139}}$, T. Sinha${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 103}}$, B. Sitar${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 37}}$, M. Sitta${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 31}}$, T.B. Skaali${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 20}}$, M. Slupecki${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 127}}$, N. Smirnov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 143}}$, R.J.M. Snellings${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 53}}$, T.W. Snellman${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 127}}$, J. Song${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 99}}$, M. Song${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 144}}$, F. Soramel${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 28}}$, S. Sorensen${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 129}}$, F. Sozzi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 100}}$, E. Spiriti${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 73}}$, I. Sputowska${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 120}}$, B.K. Srivastava${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 98}}$, J. Stachel${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 96}}$, I. Stan${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 58}}$, P. Stankus${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 88}}$, E. Stenlund${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 33}}$, J.H. Stiller${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 96}}$, D. Stocco${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 116}}$, P. Strmen${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 37}}$, A.A.P. Suaide${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 123}}$, T. Sugitate${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 46}}$, C. Suire${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 51}}$, M. Suleymanov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 15}}$, M. Suljic${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 24}}$, R. Sultanov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 54}}$, M. Šumbera${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 87}}$, S. Sumowidagdo${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 49}}$, K. Suzuki${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 115}}$, S. Swain${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 57}}$, A. Szabo${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 37}}$, I. Szarka${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 37}}$, A. Szczepankiewicz${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 140}}$, M. Szymanski${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 140}}$, U. Tabassam${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 15}}$, J. Takahashi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 124}}$, G.J. Tambave${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 21}}$, N. Tanaka${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 132}}$, M. Tarhini${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 51}}$, M. Tariq${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 17}}$, M.G. Tarzila${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 80}}$, A. Tauro${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, G. Tejeda Muñoz${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 2}}$, A. Telesca${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, K. Terasaki${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 131}}$, C. Terrevoli${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 28}}$, B. Teyssier${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 134}}$, D. Thakur${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 48}}$, S. Thakur${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 139}}$, D. Thomas${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 121}}$, R. Tieulent${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 134}}$, A. Tikhonov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 52}}$, A.R. Timmins${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 126}}$, A. Toia${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 60}}$, S. Tripathy${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 48}}$, S. Trogolo${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 25}}$, G. Trombetta${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 32}}$, V. Trubnikov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 3}}$, W.H. Trzaska${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 127}}$, B.A. Trzeciak${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 53}}$, T. Tsuji${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 131}}$, A. Tumkin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 102}}$, R. Turrisi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 110}}$, T.S. Tveter${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 20}}$, K. Ullaland${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 21}}$, E.N. Umaka${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 126}}$, A. Uras${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 134}}$, G.L. Usai${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 23}}$, A. Utrobicic${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 133}}$, M. Vala${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 118}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 55}}$, J. Van Der Maarel${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 53}}$, J.W. Van Hoorne${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, M. van Leeuwen${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 53}}$, T. Vanat${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 87}}$, P. Vande Vyvre${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, D. Varga${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 142}}$, A. Vargas${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 2}}$, M. Vargyas${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 127}}$, R. Varma${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 47}}$, M. Vasileiou${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 78}}$, A. Vasiliev${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 83}}$, A. Vauthier${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 72}}$, O. Vázquez Doce${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 97}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 35}}$, V. Vechernin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 138}}$, A.M. Veen${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 53}}$, A. Velure${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 21}}$, E. Vercellin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 25}}$, S. Vergara Limón${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 2}}$, R. Vernet${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 8}}$, R. Vértesi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 142}}$, L. Vickovic${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 119}}$, S. Vigolo${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 53}}$, J. Viinikainen${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 127}}$, Z. Vilakazi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 130}}$, O. Villalobos Baillie${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 104}}$, A. Villatoro Tello${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 2}}$, A. Vinogradov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 83}}$, L. Vinogradov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 138}}$, T. Virgili${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 29}}$, V. Vislavicius${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 33}}$, A. Vodopyanov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 67}}$, M.A. Völkl${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 96}}$, K. Voloshin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 54}}$, S.A. Voloshin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 141}}$, G. Volpe${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 32}}$, B. von Haller${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, I. Vorobyev${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 97}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 35}}$, D. Voscek${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 118}}$, D. Vranic${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 100}}$, J. Vrláková${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 39}}$, B. Wagner${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 21}}$, J. Wagner${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 100}}$, H. Wang${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 53}}$, M. Wang${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$, D. Watanabe${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 132}}$, Y. Watanabe${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 131}}$, M. Weber${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 115}}$, S.G. Weber${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 100}}$, D.F. Weiser${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 96}}$, J.P. Wessels${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 61}}$, U. Westerhoff${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 61}}$, A.M. Whitehead${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 92}}$, J. Wiechula${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 60}}$, J. Wikne${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 20}}$, G. Wilk${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 79}}$, J. Wilkinson${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 96}}$, G.A. Willems${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 61}}$, M.C.S. Williams${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 107}}$, B. Windelband${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 96}}$, W.E. Witt${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 129}}$, S. Yalcin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 70}}$, P. Yang${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$, S. Yano${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 46}}$, Z. Yin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$, H. Yokoyama${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 132}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 72}}$, I.-K. Yoo${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 99}}$, J.H. Yoon${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 50}}$, V. Yurchenko${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 3}}$, V. Zaccolo${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 84}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 113}}$, A. Zaman${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 15}}$, C. Zampolli${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, H.J.C. Zanoli${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 123}}$, S. Zaporozhets${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 67}}$, N. Zardoshti${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 104}}$, A. Zarochentsev${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 138}}$, P. Závada${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 56}}$, N. Zaviyalov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 102}}$, H. Zbroszczyk${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 140}}$, M. Zhalov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 89}}$, H. Zhang${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 21}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$, X. Zhang${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 75}}$, Y. Zhang${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$, C. Zhang${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 53}}$, Z. Zhang${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$, C. Zhao${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 20}}$, N. Zhigareva${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 54}}$, D. Zhou${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$, Y. Zhou${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 84}}$, Z. Zhou${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 21}}$, H. Zhu${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 21}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$, J. Zhu${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 116}}$, X. Zhu${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$, A. Zichichi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 12}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 26}}$, A. Zimmermann${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 96}}$, M.B. Zimmermann${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 61}}$, S. Zimmermann${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 115}}$, G. Zinovjev${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 3}}$, J. Zmeskal${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 115}}$

Affiliation notes

{Authlist}

\Adef

0Deceased

\Adef

idp1764384Also at: Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States

\Adef

idp3207120Also at: Also at Department of Applied Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

\Adef

idp3984928Also at: M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear, Physics, Moscow, Russia

Collaboration Institutes

1A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia

2Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico

3Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev, Ukraine

4Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India

5Budker Institute for Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia

6California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, United States

7Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China

8Centre de Calcul de l’IN2P3, Villeurbanne, Lyon, France

9Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba

10Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain

11Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico

12Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi’, Rome, Italy

13Chicago State University, Chicago, Illinois, United States

14China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China

15COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan

16Departamento de Física de Partículas and IGFAE, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

17Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

18Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States

19Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea

20Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

21Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

22Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università ’La Sapienza’ and Sezione INFN, Rome, Italy

23Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy

24Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy

25Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy

26Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy

27Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy

28Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy

29Dipartimento di Fisica ‘E.R. Caianiello’ dell’Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy

30Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy

31Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica dell’Università del Piemonte Orientale and INFN Sezione di Torino, Alessandria, Italy

32Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy

33Division of Experimental High Energy Physics, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden

34European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland

35Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

36Faculty of Engineering, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway

37Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia

38Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

39Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia

40Faculty of Technology, Buskerud and Vestfold University College, Tonsberg, Norway

41Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany

42Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea

43Gauhati University, Department of Physics, Guwahati, India

44Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany

45Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsinki, Finland

46Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan

47Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India

48Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India

49Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia

50Inha University, Incheon, South Korea

51Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France

52Institute for Nuclear Research, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

53Institute for Subatomic Physics of Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands

54Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia

55Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia

56Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic

57Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India

58Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania

59Institut für Informatik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany

60Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany

61Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany

62Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

63Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil

64Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

65IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, Saclay, France

66iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa

67Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia

68Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea

69Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, South Korea

70KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey

71Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS–IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France

72Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France

73Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Frascati, Italy

74Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, INFN, Legnaro, Italy

75Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States

76Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia

77Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan

78National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Physics Department, Athens, Greece, Athens, Greece

79National Centre for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland

80National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania

81National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, India

82National Nuclear Research Center, Baku, Azerbaijan

83National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia

84Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

85Nikhef, Nationaal instituut voor subatomaire fysica, Amsterdam, Netherlands

86Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, United Kingdom

87Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Řež u Prahy, Czech Republic

88Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States

89Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia

90Physics Department, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States

91Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

92Physics Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

93Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India

94Physics Department, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India

95Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

96Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

97Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

98Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States

99Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea

100Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany

101Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia

102Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russia

103Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India

104School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

105Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru

106Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy

107Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy

108Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy

109Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy

110Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy

111Sezione INFN, Rome, Italy

112Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy

113Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy

114SSC IHEP of NRC Kurchatov institute, Protvino, Russia

115Stefan Meyer Institut für Subatomare Physik (SMI), Vienna, Austria

116SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France

117Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand

118Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovakia

119Technical University of Split FESB, Split, Croatia

120The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland

121The University of Texas at Austin, Physics Department, Austin, Texas, United States

122Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico

123Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil

124Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil

125Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil

126University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States

127University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland

128University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

129University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States

130University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

131University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

132University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

133University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

134Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IPN-Lyon, Villeurbanne, Lyon, France

135Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France

136Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy

137Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy

138V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

139Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India

140Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

141Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States

142Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary

143Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States

144Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea

145Zentrum für Technologietransfer und Telekommunikation (ZTT), Fachhochschule Worms, Worms, Germany