# Multi-Hop Extensions of Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Network Time Synchronization

## TL;DR

This paper extends an energy-efficient wireless sensor network time synchronization scheme to multi-hop scenarios, analyzing hierarchical methods and demonstrating comparable performance with lower complexity.

## Contribution

It introduces multi-hop extensions using packet relaying and time-translating gateways, providing performance analysis and comparison.

## Key findings

- Packet relaying achieves similar synchronization accuracy as time-translating gateways.
- Performance degrades gracefully with increasing layers and delay variations.
- Packet relaying offers a lower complexity alternative with comparable results.

## Abstract

We present the multi-hop extensions of the recently proposed energy-efficient time synchronization scheme for wireless sensor networks, which is based on the asynchronous source clock frequency recovery and reversed two-way message exchanges. We consider two hierarchical extensions based on packet relaying and time-translating gateways, respectively, and analyze their performance with respect to the number of layers and the delay variations through simulations. The simulation results demonstrate that the time synchronization performance of the packet relaying, which has lower complexity, is close to that of time-translating gateways.

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/1702.00536