# Pseudorandom binary injection of levitons for electron quantum optics

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a spread-spectrum, pseudorandom binary injection method for levitons in electron quantum optics, enabling clearer analysis of electron excitations and correlations beyond periodic injection limitations.

## Contribution

It extends Floquet scattering theory to non-periodic, spread-spectrum electron injection, improving understanding of electron coherence and correlations in quantum optics experiments.

## Key findings

- Enhanced analysis of Hong Ou Mandel correlations
- Disentangled excitation physics from injection protocol
- Clarified pulse train coherence and orthogonality effects

## Abstract

The recent realization of single electron sources let us envision performing electron quantum optics experiments, where electrons can be viewed as flying qubits propagating in a ballistic conductor. To date, all electron sources operate in a periodic electron injection mode leading to energy spectrum singularities in various physical observables which sometimes hide the bare nature of physical effects. To go beyond this, we propose a spread-spectrum approach where electron flying qubits are injected in a non-periodic manner following a pseudorandom binary bit pattern. Extending the Floquet scattering theory approach from periodic to spread-spectrum drive, the shot noise of pseudorandom binary sequences of single electron injection can be calculated for leviton and non-leviton sources. Our new approach allows us to disentangle the physics of the manipulated excitations from that of the injection protocol. In particular, the spread spectrum approach is shown to provide a better knowledge of electronic Hong Ou Mandel correlations and to clarify the nature of the pulse train coherence and the role of the dynamical orthogonality catastrophe for non-integer charge injection.