# Room-temperature 1.54 $\mu$m photoluminescence of Er:O$_x$ centers at extremely low concentration in silicon

## TL;DR

This study demonstrates room-temperature photoluminescence at 1.54 μm from extremely low concentrations of Er:O_x centers in silicon, showing potential for single-photon sources in quantum communication.

## Contribution

First observation of room-temperature photoluminescence from low-dose Er:O_x centers in silicon at telecom wavelength, with quantification of emission rates at the single-ion level.

## Key findings

- Photoluminescence observed at 1.54 μm at room temperature.
- Estimated emission rate per ion is approximately 4,000 photons per second.
- Detection of emission centers down to about 10,000 within the excitation volume.

## Abstract

The demand for single photon sources at $\lambda~=~1.54~\mu$m, which follows from the consistent development of quantum networks based on commercial optical fibers, makes Er:O$_x$ centers in Si still a viable resource thanks to the optical transition of $Er^{3+}~:~^4I_{13/2}~\rightarrow~^4I_{15/2}$. Yet, to date, the implementation of such system remains hindered by its extremely low emission rate. In this Letter, we explore the room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) at the telecomm wavelength of very low implantation doses of $Er:O_x$ in $Si$. The emitted photons, excited by a $\lambda~=~792~nm$ laser in both large areas and confined dots of diameter down to $5~\mu$m, are collected by an inverted confocal microscope. The lower-bound number of detectable emission centers within our diffraction-limited illumination spot is estimated to be down to about 10$^4$, corresponding to an emission rate per individual ion of about $4~\times~10^{3}$ photons/s.