# Associated production of a dilepton and a $\Upsilon(J/\psi)$ at the LHC as a probe of gluon transverse momentum dependent distributions

## TL;DR

This paper explores how the associated production of a dilepton and a quarkonium state at the LHC can serve as a probe for gluon transverse momentum dependent distributions, linking measurable cross sections to gluon TMDs.

## Contribution

It provides a detailed theoretical framework connecting dilepton-quarkonium production to gluon TMDs, including a phenomenological analysis of TMD extraction feasibility.

## Key findings

- Cross sections relate to unpolarised and linearly polarised gluon TMDs.
- Feasibility analysis supports potential for experimental TMD extraction.
- Framework applicable to LHC energies for gluon structure studies.

## Abstract

We discuss the impact on the study of gluon transverse momentum dependent distributions (TMDs) of the associated production of a lepton pair and a $\Upsilon$ (or a $J/\psi$) in unpolarised proton-proton collisions, $pp\to {\cal Q} \, \ell \bar{\ell} X$, at LHC energies, where one can assume that such final states are dominantly induced by gluon fusion. If the transverse momentum of the quarkonium-dilepton system - namely, the transverse momentum imbalance of the quarkonium state and the lepton pair - is small, the corresponding cross sections can be calculated within the framework of TMD factorisation. Using the helicity formalism, we show in detail how these cross sections are connected to the moments of two independent TMDs: the distribution of unpolarised gluons, $f_1^g$, and the distribution of linearly polarised gluons, $h_1^{\perp g}$. We complete our exhaustive derivation of these general relations with a phenomenological analysis of the feasibility of the TMD extraction, as well as some outlooks.