# Modeling of radio emission from a particle cascade in a magnetic field and its experimental validation

## TL;DR

This paper validates particle-level simulations of radio emission from particle showers in magnetic fields against experimental data, confirming the accuracy of established formalisms like endpoint and ZHS in a controlled laboratory setting.

## Contribution

It demonstrates that detailed Geant4 simulations accurately reproduce experimental measurements of radio emission in the SLAC T-510 experiment, validating the physics models used.

## Key findings

- Simulations match measured radio signals within uncertainties.
- Radio emission is explained by superposition of transverse current and Askaryan effect.
- Established formalisms reliably predict radio emission in controlled experiments.

## Abstract

The SLAC T-510 experiment was designed to compare controlled laboratory measurements of radio emission of particle showers to predictions using particle-level simulations, which are relied upon in ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray air shower detection. Established formalisms for the simulation of radio emission physics, the "endpoint" formalism and the "ZHS" formalism, lead to results which can be explained by a superposition of magnetically induced transverse current radiation and charge-excess radiation due to the Askaryan effect. Here, we present the results of Geant4 simulations for the SLAC T-510 experiment, taking into account the details of the experimental setup (beam energy, target geometry and material, magnetic field configuration, and refraction effects) and their comparison to measured data with respect to e.g. signal polarisation, linearity with magnetic field, and angular distribution. We find that the microscopic calculations reproduce the measurements within uncertainties and describe the data well.