Solid hulls of weighted Banach spaces of analytic functions on the unit disc with exponential weights
Jos\'e Bonet, Jari Taskinen

TL;DR
This paper characterizes the solid hulls of weighted Banach spaces of analytic functions on the unit disc with exponential weights, providing explicit descriptions especially for rapidly decreasing weights.
Contribution
It offers a detailed characterization and explicit representations of solid hulls in weighted $H^$ spaces with exponential weights, focusing on non-doubling, rapidly decreasing weights.
Findings
Solid hulls characterized for non-doubling exponential weights
Explicit descriptions obtained for natural exponential weights
Advances understanding of structure of weighted Banach spaces
Abstract
We study weighted spaces of analytic functions on the open unit disc in the case of non-doubling weights, which decrease rapidly with respect to the boundary distance. We characterize the solid hulls of such spaces and give quite explicit representations of them in the case of the most natural exponentially decreasing weights.
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Taxonomy
TopicsHolomorphic and Operator Theory · Advanced Banach Space Theory · Advanced Harmonic Analysis Research
Solid hulls of weighted Banach spaces of analytic functions on the unit disc with exponential weights
José Bonet and Jari Taskinen
Abstract.
Let with and be an exponential weight on the unit disc. We study the solid hull of its associated weighted Banach space of all the analytic functions on the unit disc such that is bounded.
1. Introduction
Recently, the authors characterized in [7] the solid hulls of weighted -type Banach spaces of entire functions for a large class of weight functions . An analytic function on the disc is identified with the sequence of its Taylor coefficients . Let be vector spaces of complex sequences containing the space of all the sequences with finitely many non-zero coordinates. The space is solid if and for each implies . The solid hull of is
[TABLE]
It coincides with the smallest solid space containing . See [1].
The aim of this paper is to extend the results of [7] for the corresponding spaces on the open unit disc . Accordingly, we study Banach spaces of analytic functions such that . We show in Theorem 2.2 that the solid hull for consists of complex sequences such that
[TABLE]
We also formulate a general Theorem 2.1, which contains the characterization of the solid hulls for a large class of weights. This class of weights includes those satisfying condition (B) of [13]. Theorem 2.2 is used to determine space of multipliers from into in Proposition 5.2.
Surprisingly enough, we will encounter a technical difficulty, which makes the calculation of the solid hulls for weights on the disc more complicated than those for the somewhat analogous weights in the plane. The latter were successfully treated in [7] for all and , but it seems to the authors that in the case of the disc the calculation of certain numerical sequences requires approximate solutions of some numerical equations, which can only be done relatively simply for small enough : for the above mentioned weights, we only complete the calculation in the case .
Bennet, Stegenga and Timoney in their paper [2] determined the solid hull and the solid core of the weighted spaces in the case the weight is doubling. Exponential weights with are not doubling. Not much seems to be known about multipliers and solid hulls of weighted spaces of analytic functions on the unit disc in the case of exponential weights. Hadamard multipliers of certain weighted space were completely described by Dostanić in [9] (see also Chapter 13 in [12]). Other aspects of weighted spaces of analytic functions on the unit disc with exponential weights, like integration operators or Bergman projections, have been investigated recently by Constantin, Dostanic, Pau, Pavlović, Peláez and Rättyä, among others; see [8], [10], [14], [15] and [17]. The solid hull and multipliers on spaces of analytic functions on the disc has been investigated by many authors. In addition to [2], we mention for example [1], [11], the books [12] and [16] and the many references therein.
Spaces of type and appear in the study of growth conditions of analytic functions and have been investigated in various articles since the work of Shields and Williams, see e.g. [3],[4], [13], [18] and the references therein.
A weight is a continuous function , which is non-increasing on and satisfies . We extend to by . For such a weight, the weighted Banach space of analytic functions is denoted by and its norm by For an analytic function , we denote . Using the notation and of Landau, if and only if .
2. The results.
As mentioned in the introduction, the solid hull of the weighted Banach space of holomorphic functions on the unit disc when the weight is doubling, i.e.
[TABLE]
was determined in [2]. The doubling condition is equivalent to the condition of [13], see Example 2.4 of the citation. This condition appears also e.g. in [6, Theorem 3.2]. Examples of weights on the disc which are not doubling are given by , , . In this section we investigate the solid hull of for a large class of non doubling weights.
Given a continuous, radial weight and , we denote by the global maximum point in of the function . For we define
[TABLE]
A word by word repetition of the proof of Theorem 2.5. of [7] yields the next general result; notice that the argument uses the results of [13], which are also established for holomorphic functions on the unit disc.
** Theorem 2.1****.**
Let be a radial weight on . Let be a sequence with , such that for some constants we have
[TABLE]
for each . Then, the solid hull of is
[TABLE]
Proceeding as in [7, Remark 2.7] one can show that every weight on the disc satisfying condition (B) of Lusky [13] satisfies the assumptions of Theorem 2.1.
The main result of this paper is the calculation of the solid hull for some of the most usual non-doubling weights on the unit disc, namely the weights
[TABLE]
where , are constants.
We write
[TABLE]
** Theorem 2.2****.**
If , then the solid hull of consists of sequences satisfying
[TABLE]
In the case , the condition for the solid hull is
[TABLE]
In particular, for the solid hull is
[TABLE]
and for it is (!)
[TABLE]
The proof requires the choice of the numbers such that the condition (2.2) is satisfied. This turns out to be quite technical and will be done in the next section. The main complication is that, contrary to the case of weights of the paper [7], the maximum points cannot be solved explicitly (see (3.5)), and one has to treat only approximations of them (see Lemma 3.2) in the calculations.
The proof of Theorem 2.2 will be completed in Section 4, where we also make some comments on the case . Consequences of Theorem 2.2 for multipliers from into are given in Section 5.
3. Calculation of some numerical sequences.
For this section, let be as in (2.4). The next lemma will be crucial for the proof of Theorem 2.2, and its proof will occupy the whole section.
** Lemma 3.1****.**
For the weight , the quantities and satisfy (2.2), if is chosen to be
[TABLE]
where for , for , and for .
We will need several times the Taylor expansions
[TABLE]
valid for and . We start by the following estimate. Recall that and are defined in (2.5).
** Lemma 3.2****.**
Given , the global maximum point of the function satisfies the estimate
[TABLE]
Proof. A simple calculation shows that satisfies the equation
[TABLE]
It is obvious that for some fixed , the equation (3.5) has a solution , for all . Writing , (3.5) is equivalent with
[TABLE]
or, by (2.5),
[TABLE]
where the expression is for fixed , , uniformly bounded in . (The choice of is needed here as would not be uniformly bounded for .) We already noticed that (3.6) has a solution . Setting the estimate to the right hand side of (3.6) yields the bound . Since by assumption, we have and thus the solution ((3.9), below) of the equation
[TABLE]
satisfies ; putting the bound to the right hand side of (3.7) yields . Then, subtracting (3.7) from (3.6) and using the triangle inequality,
[TABLE]
But we have , and putting this to the right hand side of (3.8) implies . Substituting this once more in (3.8) yields . This implies (3.4), since the solution of (3.7) is
[TABLE]
From now on we assume that is defined for all as in (3.1). By (3.4) we can write for all such that ,
[TABLE]
where .
** Lemma 3.3****.**
Let . We have for all large enough
[TABLE]
Notice that in the case we have and more importantly, the constant term (of order ) is not the same as what would be gotten from the formula in the case .
Proof. Using (3.10) and (3.2), and assuming that is so large that , we get
[TABLE]
where . We thus get, taking into account that and using (3.2) again,
[TABLE]
This is simplified to the claimed form by observing that
[TABLE]
and moreover
[TABLE]
** Lemma 3.4****.**
If , we have for all large enough ,
[TABLE]
If , then
[TABLE]
Proof. We have again by (3.10), (3.3), for large enough ,
[TABLE]
Here, keeping in mind that , the term
[TABLE]
is of degree with respect to , and this number is negative, if and only if . So, in the case we obtain using and (3.2)
[TABLE]
As for the exponents, notice that
[TABLE]
The coefficient of , respectively, , thus equals
[TABLE]
This yields the claim of the lemma for by using (3.14).
In the case the term (3.17) equals
[TABLE]
Adding this to the previous case yields (3.16).
** Lemma 3.5****.**
If , we have for all large enough ,
[TABLE]
Proof. One makes the obvious change , or, in the proof of Lemma 3.4 and collects the coefficients of the remaining terms in the same way as in the argument (3.18) (one obtains (3.20) except for the term ). The case is proven in the same way: in addition to the omission of the -term there are no other changes.
Proof of Lemma 3.1. Let first . We consider the quantity
[TABLE]
and first observe that the coefficients of the term with are the opposite numbers in (3.11) and (3.15). The sum of the coefficients of the term in (3.11) and (3.15) is
[TABLE]
so that we get
[TABLE]
The required property (2.2) follows for by choosing large enough so that the constant term on the right of (3.22) is at least 1. We choose such that
[TABLE]
If , we have so that
[TABLE]
The same calculation, using Lemma 3.5 instead of Lemma 3.4, yields (notice the order of the numerator and denominator in )
[TABLE]
and we get the desired conclusion for by the same choice of as above.
Finally, if , we have instead of (3.23)
[TABLE]
where . Choosing
[TABLE]
the leading term in (3.24) has the estimate
[TABLE]
hence, (2.2) follows for , if is large enough.
We have instead of (3.22) the estimate (cf. (3.11) and (3.16))
[TABLE]
and we thus see that the choice (3.25) is enough to guarantee that .
4. Proof of Theorem 2.2.
We choose according to (3.1) for all . Theorem 2.2 follows in principle from Theorem 2.1 and Lemma 3.1, but we need to be careful to use accurate enough approximations of . If , we observe that in (3.12), the exponent of in is at most 0 and is clearly bounded by a constant, so we get for all using (3.14),
[TABLE]
where
[TABLE]
Let now be given and let be such that , and consider . We note by Lemma 3.2 and (3.14) that
[TABLE]
Since and , we find using the Taylor expansion (3.3) that
[TABLE]
which implies
[TABLE]
for some constants . Combining (2.3), (4.1), and (4.2) yields (2.6) of Theorem 2.2.
However, if , in (3.12), the exponent of is positive, although is bounded. Instead of (4.1) we use
[TABLE]
since . Lemma 3.2 yields for
[TABLE]
since here . Hence, we have
[TABLE]
and thus (2.7) follows.
** Remark 4.1****.**
It seems that the calculation of the numbers for the weights
[TABLE]
with our method becomes increasingly difficult for large . Technical problems are caused by the fact that using an asymptotic expansion like (3.4) to evaluate , more terms are required, depending on how large is. Also, it seems that one would need a more complicated ansatz
[TABLE]
The technical difficulties become obvious.
5. The space of multipliers .
Let and be vector spaces of complex sequences containing the space of all the sequences with finitely many non-zero coordinates. The set of multipliers from into is
[TABLE]
Given a strictly increasing, unbounded sequence and we denote as in [5], Definition 2,
[TABLE]
with the obvious changes when or is . The space is a Banach space when endowed with the canonically defined norm. Observe that . We recall the following result from [5, Theorem 23] (see also [7, Lemma 5.1]).
** Lemma 5.1****.**
For we have
[TABLE]
where (a) , , if , (b) , , if , and (c) , if .
** Proposition 5.2****.**
Let , and . Then, the space of multipliers \big{(}H_{v}^{\infty}({\mathbb{D}}),\ell_{p}\big{)} is the set of sequences such that
[TABLE]
if ,
[TABLE]
if , and
[TABLE]
if ,
Proof. Since is a solid space, we have (cf. [1])
[TABLE]
Now, by Theorem 2.2 it is easy to see that (\lambda_{m})_{m=0}^{\infty}\in\big{(}S(H_{v}^{\infty}({\mathbb{D}})),\ell_{p}\big{)}, if and only if
[TABLE]
The conclusion now follows from Lemma 5.1.
It is clear that Proposition 5.2 can be extended to more weights, but we prefer to present here only this more precise formulation as an example.
Acknowledgements. The research of Bonet was partially supported by the projects MTM2013-43540-P and MTM2016-76647-P. This paper was completed during the Bonet’s stay at the Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt (Germany). The support of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation is greatly appreciated. The research of Taskinen was partially supported by the Väisälä Foundation of the Finnish Academy of Sciences and Letters.
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