# Star Formation Activity in the molecular cloud G35.20$-$0.74: onset of cloud-cloud collision

## TL;DR

This study investigates star formation in the molecular cloud G35.20-0.74, revealing evidence of cloud-cloud collision triggering the birth of massive stars and young stellar clusters through multi-frequency observations and velocity analysis.

## Contribution

It provides new observational evidence linking cloud-cloud collision to star formation activity in G35.20-0.74, highlighting the role of molecular interactions in massive star and cluster formation.

## Key findings

- Identification of embedded YSO clusters and massive clumps within the cloud.
- Detection of broad bridge features indicating cloud-cloud collision.
- Observation of polarization angle changes suggesting molecular interaction.

## Abstract

To probe the star-formation (SF) processes, we present results of an analysis of the molecular cloud G35.20$-$0.74 (hereafter MCG35.2) using multi-frequency observations. The MCG35.2 is depicted in a velocity range of 30-40 km s$^{-1}$. An almost horseshoe-like structure embedded within the MCG35.2 is evident in the infrared and millimeter images and harbors the previously known sites, ultra-compact/hyper-compact G35.20$-$0.74N H\,{\sc ii} region, Ap2-1, and Mercer 14 at its base. The site, Ap2-1 is found to be excited by a radio spectral type of B0.5V star where the distribution of 20 cm and H$\alpha$ emission is surrounded by the extended molecular hydrogen emission. Using the {\it Herschel} 160-500 $\mu$m and photometric 1-24 $\mu$m data analysis, several embedded clumps and clusters of young stellar objects (YSOs) are investigated within the MCG35.2, revealing the SF activities. Majority of the YSOs clusters and massive clumps (500-4250 M$_{\odot}$) are seen toward the horseshoe-like structure. The position-velocity analysis of $^{13}$CO emission shows a blue-shifted peak (at 33 km s$^{-1}$) and a red-shifted peak (at 37 km s$^{-1}$) interconnected by lower intensity intermediated velocity emission, tracing a broad bridge feature. The presence of such broad bridge feature suggests the onset of a collision between molecular components in the MCG35.2. A noticeable change in the H-band starlight mean polarization angles has also been observed in the MCG35.2, probably tracing the interaction between molecular components. Taken together, it seems that the cloud-cloud collision process has influenced the birth of massive stars and YSOs clusters in the MCG35.2.