# Hysteretic behavior between quasi-two-dimensional flow and three-dimensional flow in forced rotating turbulence

## TL;DR

This paper investigates the hysteretic transition between quasi-two-dimensional and three-dimensional flows in forced rotating turbulence, revealing bistability and different transition points influenced by rotation rates and external forcing.

## Contribution

It uncovers hysteretic behavior and bistability in flow states, highlighting the complex transition dynamics in rotating turbulence.

## Key findings

- Transition points differ for Q2D to 3D and 3D to Q2D flows.
- Bistability occurs at intermediate rotation rates.
- Hysteresis is observed with varying external force amplitude.

## Abstract

Conflict between formation of a cyclonic vortex and isotropization in forced homogeneous rotating turbulence is numerically investigated. It is well known that a large rotation rate of the system induces columnar vortices to result in quasi-two-dimensional (Q2D) flow, while a small rotation rate allows turbulence to be three-dimensional (3D). It is found that the transition from the Q2D turbulent flow to the 3D turbulent flow and the reverse transition occur at different values of the rotation rates. At the intermediate rotation rates, bistability of these two statistically steady states is observed. Such hysteretic behavior is also observed for the variation of the amplitude of an external force.