# Self-Organizing Systems in Planetary Physics: Harmonic Resonances of Planet and Moon Orbits

## TL;DR

This paper presents a harmonic resonance model explaining the regular spacing of planets and moons, predicting missing planets, and applying it to our solar system and exoplanetary systems with high accuracy.

## Contribution

It introduces a quantized harmonic orbit resonance model that predicts planet positions and missing planets in planetary systems.

## Key findings

- Orbital distances follow a specific harmonic ratio pattern.
- The model accurately predicts missing planets with a few percent error.
- Approximately 10 stable resonant zones exist in each analyzed system.

## Abstract

The geometric arrangement of planet and moon orbits into a regularly spaced pattern of distances is the result of a self-organizing system. The positive feedback mechanism that operates a self-organizing system is accomplished by harmonic orbit resonances, leading to long-term stable planet and moon orbits in solar or stellar systems. The distance pattern of planets was originally described by the empirical Titius-Bode law, and by a generalized version with a constant geometric progression factor (corresponding to logarithmic spacing). We find that the orbital periods $T_i$ and planet distances $R_i$ from the Sun are not consistent with logarithmic spacing, but rather follow the quantized scaling $(R_{i+1}/R_i) = (T_{i+1}/T_i)^{2/3} = (H_{i+1}/H_i)^{2/3}$, where the harmonic ratios are given by five dominant resonances, namely $(H_{i+1} : H_{i}) = (3:2), (5:3), (2:1), (5:2), (3:1)$. We find that the orbital period ratios tend to follow the quantized harmonic ratios in increasing order. We apply this harmonic orbit resonance model to the planets and moons in our solar system, and to the exo-planets of 55 Cnc and HD 10180 planetary systems. The model allows us a prediction of missing planets in each planetary system, based on the quasi-regular self-organizing pattern of harmonic orbit resonance zones. We predict 7 (and 4) missing exo-planets around the star 55 Cnc (and HD 10180). The accuracy of the predicted planet and moon distances amounts to a few percents. All analyzed systems are found to have $\approx 10$ resonant zones that can be occupied with planets (or moons) in long-term stable orbits.