# Efficient Medium Access Arbitration Among Interfering WBANs Using Latin Rectangles

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a distributed, dynamic channel hopping approach using Latin rectangles to reduce interference and improve performance in coexisting WBANs, adapting to network size and sensor density.

## Contribution

It proposes two novel schemes, DAIL and CHIM, for interference mitigation in WBANs using Latin rectangles, with analytical modeling and simulation validation.

## Key findings

- DAIL reduces collision probability in crowded WBAN environments.
- CHIM saves power by selective channel hopping in lower-density scenarios.
- Both schemes improve network throughput and reduce delays.

## Abstract

The overlap of transmission ranges among multiple Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) is referred to as coexistence. The interference is most likely to affect the communication links and degrade the performance when sensors of different WBANs simultaneously transmit using the same channel. In this paper, we propose a distributed approach that adapts to the size of the network, i.e., the number of coexisting WBANs, and to the density of sensors forming each individual WBAN in order to minimize the impact of co-channel interference through dynamic channel hopping based on Latin rectangles. Furthermore, the proposed approach opts to reduce the overhead resulting from channel hopping, and lowers the transmission delay, and saves the power resource at both sensor- and WBAN-levels. Specifically, we propose two schemes for channel allocation and medium access scheduling to diminish the probability of inter-WBAN interference. The first scheme, namely, Distributed Interference Avoidance using Latin rectangles (DAIL), assigns channel and time-slot combination that reduces the probability of medium access collision. DAIL suits crowded areas, e.g., high density of coexisting WBANs, and involves overhead due to frequent channel hopping at the WBAN coordinator and sensors. The second scheme, namely, CHIM, takes advantage of the relatively lower density of collocated WBANs to save power by hopping among channels only when interference is detected at the level of the individual nodes. We present an analytical model that derives the collision probability and network throughput. The performance of DAIL and CHIM is further validated through simulations.