Production of $\Sigma(1385)^{\pm}$ and $\Xi(1530)^{0}$ in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV

TL;DR

This study measures the production and transverse momentum distributions of strange hyperon resonances in p-Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV, revealing how yields and ratios vary with event multiplicity and strangeness content.

Contribution

It provides new measurements of hyperon resonance production in p-Pb collisions, analyzing their dependence on multiplicity and comparing with previous hyperon production results.

Findings

Mean transverse momentum increases with charged-particle multiplicity.

Yield ratios of excited to ground hyperons remain constant across multiplicities.

Ratios to pions increase with multiplicity depending on strangeness content.

Abstract

The transverse momentum distributions of the strange and double-strange hyperon resonances ($\Sigma(1385)^{\pm}$, $\Xi(1530)^{0}$) produced in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV were measured in the rapidity range $-0.5< y_{\rm{CMS}}<0$ for event classes corresponding to different charged-particle multiplicity densities, $\langle{\rm d}N_{\rm{ch}}/{\rm d}\eta_{\rm{lab}}\rangle$. The mean transverse momentum values are presented as a function of $\langle{\rm d}N_{\rm{ch}}/{\rm d}\eta_{\rm{lab}}\rangle$, as well as a function of the particle masses and compared with previous results on hyperon production. The integrated yield ratios of excited to ground-state hyperons are constant as a function of $\langle{\rm d}N_{\rm{ch}}/{\rm d}\eta_{\rm{lab}}\rangle$. The equivalent ratios to pions exhibit an increase with $\langle{\rm d}N_{\rm{ch}}/{\rm d}\eta_{\rm{lab}}\rangle$, depending on their strangeness content.

Figures

Tables

Table 1. Table 1: Mean charged-particle multiplicity densities ( ⟨ ⟨ \langle d N ch subscript 𝑁 ch N_{\mathrm{ch}} /d η lab ⟩ \eta_{\mathrm{lab}}\rangle ) measured at midrapidity ( | η lab | < 0.5 subscript 𝜂 lab 0.5 |\eta_{\mathrm{lab}}|<0.5 ) [ 23 ] , corresponding to the multiplicity classes defined using the V0A detector  [ 25 ] in p–Pb  collisions at s NN subscript 𝑠 NN \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}  = 5.02 TeV.

V0A percentile (%)	$⟨$d$N_{\mathrm{ch}}$/d${\eta }_{\mathrm{lab}}⟩$
0-20	35.6 $\pm$ 0.8
20-40	23.2 $\pm$ 0.5
20-60	19.7 $\pm$ 0.5
40-60	16.1 $\pm$ 0.4
60-100	7.1 $\pm$ 0.2
0-100	17.4 $\pm$ 0.7

Table 2. Table 2: Properties of the measured resonances and decay modes used in this analysis with total branching ratios  [ 16 ] , obtained as the products of respective branching ratios of daughter particles.

	Mass (MeV/$c^2$)	Width (MeV/$c^2$)	Decay modes used	Total B.R. (%)
$\Sigma$(1385)+	1382.80 $\pm$ 0.35	36.0 $\pm$ 0.7	$\Lambda {\pi }^{+}\to \left(p{\pi }^{-}\right){\pi }^{+}$	55.6 $\pm$ 1.1
$\Sigma$(1385)-	1387.2 $\pm$ 0.5	39.4 $\pm$ 2.1	$\Lambda {\pi }^{-}\to \left(p{\pi }^{-}\right){\pi }^{-}$
$\Xi$(1530)0	1531.80 $\pm$ 0.32	9.1 $\pm$ 0.5	${\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}\to \left(\Lambda {\pi }^{-}\right){\pi }^{+}\to \left(\left(p{\pi }^{-}\right){\pi }^{-}\right){\pi }^{+}$	42.6 $\pm$ 0.3

Table 3. Table 3: Track selections common to all decay daughters and primary track selections applied to the charged pions from decays of Σ ∗ ± superscript Σ absent plus-or-minus \Sigma^{*\pm} and Ξ ∗ 0 superscript Ξ absent 0 \Xi^{*0} .

Common track	$\left|{\eta }_{\mathrm{lab}}\right|$
selections	$p_T$	$>0.15$ GeV/$c$
	PID $|$(d$E/$d$x)-$(d$E/$d$x\left){}_{\exp }\right|$	${\sigma }_{\mathrm{TPC}}$
Primary track	DCAz to PV	cm
selections	DCAr to PV	($p_T$)
	number of SPD points	$\ge 1$
	number of TPC points	$>70$

Table 4. Table 4: Topological and track selection criteria.

	${\Sigma }^{\ast \pm }$	${\Xi }^{\ast 0}$
DCAr of $\Lambda$ decay products to PV	$>0.05$ cm	$>0.06$ cm
DCA between $\Lambda$ decay products	cm	cm
DCA of $\Lambda$ to PV	cm	$>0.015$ cm
cos${\theta }_{\Lambda }$	$>0.99$	$>0.875$
$r\left(\Lambda \right)$	1.4 100 cm	0.2 100 cm
$\left|M_{p\pi }-m_{\Lambda }\right|$	10 MeV/$c^2$	7 MeV/$c^2$
DCAr of pion (from ${\Xi }^{-}$) to PV		$>0.015$ cm
DCA between ${\Xi }^{-}$ decay products		cm
cos${\theta }_{\Xi }$		$>0.981$
$r\left({\Xi }^{-}\right)$		0.2 100 cm
$\left|M_{\Lambda \pi }-m_{\Xi }\right|$		7 MeV/$c^2$

Table 5. Table 5: Summary of the systematic uncertainties on the differential yield, d 2 ​ N / ( d ​ p T ​ d ​ y ) superscript d 2 𝑁 d subscript 𝑝 T d 𝑦 {\rm d}^{2}N/({\rm d}p_{\rm T}{\rm d}y) . Minimum and maximum values in all p T subscript 𝑝 T p_{\mathrm{T}}  intervals and multiplicity classes are shown for each source.

Source of uncertainty	${\Sigma }^{\ast \pm }$	${\Xi }^{\ast 0}$
$p_T$-dependent
Tracking efficiency	3%	3%
Tracks selection	1-2%	1-2%
Topological selection	1-4%	1-2%
PID	1-3%	3-7%
Signal extraction	2-5%	1-5%
Mass window (${\Xi }^{\pm }$)	-	4%
Vertex selection	1-2%	3%
$p_T$-independent
Material budget	4%	4%
Branching ratio	1.1%	0.3%
Total	7-9%	8-12 %

Table 6. Table 6: Integrated yields (d N 𝑁 N /d y 𝑦 y ) and mean transverse momenta ( ⟨ p T ⟩ delimited-⟨⟩ subscript 𝑝 T \langle p_{\mathrm{T}}\rangle ). The values for Σ ∗ ± superscript Σ absent plus-or-minus \Sigma^{*\pm} are obtained by averaging the values for Σ ∗ + superscript Σ absent \Sigma^{*+} , Σ ¯ ∗ − superscript ¯ Σ absent \overline{\Sigma}^{*-} , Σ ∗ − superscript Σ absent \Sigma^{*-} and Σ ¯ ∗ + superscript ¯ Σ absent \overline{\Sigma}^{*+} . Statistical (first one) and total systematic (second one) uncertainties including the extrapolation from the various fit functions are quoted.

Baryon	Multiplicity class	d$N$/d$y$ ($\times$10-3)	$⟨p_T⟩$ (GeV$/c$)
${\Sigma }^{\ast \pm }$	NSD	49.0 $\pm$ 0.6 $\pm$ 6.5	1.367 $\pm$ 0.009 $\pm$ 0.061
	0-20%	90.3 $\pm$ 1.4 $\pm$ 7.9	1.495 $\pm$ 0.012 $\pm$ 0.046
	20-60%	52.2 $\pm$ 0.8 $\pm$ 6.0	1.342 $\pm$ 0.010 $\pm$ 0.055
	60-100%	15.2 $\pm$ 0.4 $\pm$ 2.4	1.173 $\pm$ 0.015 $\pm$ 0.067
1/2(${\Xi }^{\ast 0}+{\overline{\Xi }}^0$)	NSD	12.5 $\pm$ 0.3 $\pm$ 1.1	1.540 $\pm$ 0.016 $\pm$ 0.071
	0-20%	27.3 $\pm$ 0.6 $\pm$ 2.8	1.626 $\pm$ 0.016 $\pm$ 0.068
	20-40%	17.7 $\pm$ 0.5 $\pm$ 2.4	1.482 $\pm$ 0.020 $\pm$ 0.100
	40-60%	10.7 $\pm$ 0.3 $\pm$ 1.6	1.459 $\pm$ 0.025 $\pm$ 0.114
	60-100%	3.6 $\pm$ 0.1 $\pm$ 0.5	1.377 $\pm$ 0.023 $\pm$ 0.089

Equations

$$\frac{1}{N_{\mathrm{evt}}}\frac{{\mathrm{d}}^{2}N}{\mathrm{d}{p}_{\mathrm{T}}\mathrm{d}y}=p_{\mathrm{T}}\frac{\mathrm{d}N}{\mathrm{d}y}\frac{(n-1)(n-2)}{nC[nC+m_0(n-2)]}{\left[1+\frac{\sqrt{p_{\mathrm{T}}^2+m_0^2}-m_0}{nC}\right]}^{-n},$$

Full text

\PHyear2017 \PHnumber017 \PHdate26 January

\ShortTitle$\Sigma(1385)^{\pm}$ and $\Xi(1530)^{0}$ in p–Pb at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV

\CollaborationALICE Collaboration††thanks: See Appendix A for the list of collaboration members \ShortAuthorALICE Collaboration

The transverse momentum distributions of the strange and double-strange hyperon resonances ($\Sigma(1385)^{\pm}$, $\Xi(1530)^{0}$) produced in p–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV were measured in the rapidity range $-0.5<y_{\mathrm{CMS}}<0$ for event classes corresponding to different charged-particle multiplicity densities, $\langle$d$N_{\mathrm{ch}}$/d$\eta_{\mathrm{lab}}\rangle$. The mean transverse momentum values are presented as a function of $\langle$d$N_{\mathrm{ch}}$/d$\eta_{\mathrm{lab}}\rangle$, as well as a function of the particle masses and compared with previous results on hyperon production. The integrated yield ratios of excited to ground-state hyperons are constant as a function of $\langle$d$N_{\mathrm{ch}}$/d$\eta_{\mathrm{lab}}\rangle$. The equivalent ratios to pions exhibit an increase with $\langle$d$N_{\mathrm{ch}}$/d$\eta_{\mathrm{lab}}\rangle$, depending on their strangeness content.

1 Introduction

Hadrons containing one or more strange quarks have been studied extensively over past decades in connection with the study of quark-gluon plasma [1, 2]. Enhanced hyperon yields were observed in heavy-ion collisions with respect to those measured in proton-proton (pp) collisions at the same centre-of-mass energy [3, 4, 5, 6]. These enhancements were found to be consistent with those expected from thermal statistical model calculations using a grand canonical ensemble [7]. The canonical [8, 9] approach is suggested to explain the relatively suppressed multi-strange baryon yields in smaller collision systems such as $\mathrm{p\kern-0.50003ptp}$, proton-nucleus (p–Pb) and peripheral heavy-ion collisions [10].

Short-lived resonances, such as K*∗0* and $\Sigma(1385)^{\pm}$, can be used in heavy-ion collisions to study the hadronic medium between chemical and kinetic freeze-out [11]. Chemical and kinetic freeze-out define the points in time, respectively, when hadron abundances and the momenta of particles stop changing. Decay products of resonances are subject to re-scattering processes and emerge after kinetic decoupling with little memory of the source. Regeneration processes, conversely, increase the resonance yield [12]. If re-scattering processes are dominant over regeneration processes, the measured yield of resonances is expected to be reduced. Moreover, the longer the time between chemical and kinetic freeze-out, the greater the expected reduction.

Recently, the ALICE collaboration reported results on K*∗0*, $\phi$, $\Xi^{-}$ and $\Omega^{-}$ in $\mathrm{p\kern-0.50003ptp}$ and p–Pb collisions  [13, 10, 14] in addition to Pb–Pb data [6, 15]. The evolution of the mean transverse momenta ($\langle p_{\mathrm{T}}\rangle$) of mesons and multi-strange baryons were presented as a function of charged-particle multiplicity and particle mass. The observed decrease of the resonance to ground-state ratio K*∗0*/K- has been suggested as an indication of re-scattering processes in the hadronic medium, as first observed in Pb–Pb collisions [15].

This paper reports on the hyperon resonances $\Sigma(1385)^{\pm}$ ($c\tau=5.48$ fm, $uus$ or $dds$ [16]) and $\Xi(1530)^{0}$ ($c\tau=22$ fm, $uss$ [16]), measured in p–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV. The corresponding results for pp collisions have been previously published in [17]. The results presented in this paper complement the p–Pb results given in [10, 14]. The measured $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ spectra, yields and mean transverse momenta are presented for different multiplicity classes. Yield ratios of excited to ground-state hyperons are studied as a function of event multiplicity and compared with model predictions [7, 18, 19, 20]. Considering the similar lifetimes of $\Sigma(1385)^{\pm}$ and K*∗0*, a decrease of the $\Sigma(1385)^{\pm}/\Lambda$ ratio, consistent with the decrease observed for the K*∗0*/K- ratio, is expected for increasing system sizes. Hyperon to pion ratios are also presented and compared to the results for ground-state hyperons with the same strangeness contents.

In this paper, the short notations $\Sigma^{*\pm}$ and $\Xi^{*0}$ are adopted for $\Sigma(1385)^{\pm}$ and $\Xi(1530)^{0}$. Moreover, the notations $\Sigma^{*\pm}$ and $\Xi^{*0}$ include the respective anti-particles, namely $\Sigma^{*\pm}$ includes $\Sigma^{*+}$, $\Sigma^{*-}$, and their anti-particles, while $\Xi^{*0}$ means $\Xi^{*0}$ and $\overline{\Xi^{*}}^{0}$, unless otherwise indicated.

2 Experimental setup and event selection

A description of the ALICE detector and of its performance during the LHC Run 1 (2010–2013) can be found in [21, 22]. The data sample analysed in this paper was recorded during the LHC p–Pb run at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV in 2013. Due to the asymmetric energies of the proton (4 TeV) and lead ion (1.57 A TeV) beams, the centre-of-mass system in the nucleon-nucleon frame is shifted in rapidity by $\Delta y_{\mathrm{NN}}$ = 0.465 towards the direction of the proton beam with respect to the laboratory frame of the ALICE detector [14]. For the analysed p–Pb data set, the direction of the proton beam was towards the ALICE muon spectrometer, the so-called “C” side, standing for negative rapidities; conversely, the Pb beam circulated towards positive rapidities, labelled as “A” side in the following. The analysis in this paper was carried out at midrapidity, in the rapidity window $-0.5<y_{\mathrm{CMS}}<$ 0.

The minimum-bias trigger during the p–Pb run was configured to select events by requiring a logical OR of signals in V0A and V0C [22], two arrays of 32 scintillator detectors covering the full azimuthal angle in the pseudorapidity regions 2.8 $<\eta_{\mathrm{lab}}<$ 5.1 and $-3.7<\eta_{\mathrm{lab}}<-1.7$, respectively [23]. In the data analysis it was required to have a coincidence of signals in both V0A and V0C in order to reduce the contamination from single-diffractive and electromagnetic interactions. This left only Non-Single Diffractive (NSD) events, which amount for a total of 100 million events, in the Minimum-Bias (MB) sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 50 $\mu$b*-1*.

The combined V0A and V0C information discriminates beam-beam interactions from background collisions in the interaction region. Further background suppression was applied in the offline analysis using time information from two neutron Zero Degree Calorimeters (ZDC) [22], as in previous p–Pb analyses [24]. Pile-up events due to more than one collision in the region of beam interaction were excluded by using the Silicon Pixel Detector (SPD) in the Inner Tracking System (ITS) [22]. The Primary Vertex (PV) is determined by tracks reconstructed in the ITS and Time Projection Chamber (TPC), and track segments in the SPD [22, 23]. MB events are selected when the PV is positioned along the beam axis within $\pm$10 cm from the centre of the ALICE detector.

The MB events were divided into several multiplicity classes according to the accumulated charge in the forward V0A detector [25]. The $\Sigma^{*\pm}$ resonances are reconstructed in the multiplicity classes 0-20%, 20-60%, and 60-100%, whereas the $\Xi^{*0}$ analysis is carried out in four classes, namely 0-20%, 20-40%, 40-60% and 60-100%. To each multiplicity class corresponds a mean charged-particle multiplicity ($\langle$d$N_{\mathrm{ch}}$/d$\eta_{\mathrm{lab}}\rangle$), measured at midrapidity ($|\eta_{\mathrm{lab}}|<0.5$), as shown in Table 1.

3 Data analysis

3.1 Track and topological selections

Table 2 summarizes the relevant information on the measured hyperon resonances, namely the decay modes used in this analysis and their branching ratios. In the case of $\Sigma^{*\pm}$, all states $\Sigma^{*+}$, $\Sigma^{*-}$, $\overline{\Sigma}^{*-}$ and $\overline{\Sigma}^{*+}$ were separately analysed, while the $\Xi^{*0}$ analysis always includes the charge-conjugated anti-particle, $\overline{\Xi}^{*0}$ due to the limited statistics of the dataset.

In comparison with the $\Sigma^{*\pm}$ and $\Xi^{*0}$ analysis carried out in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV [17], track and topological selections were revised and adapted to the p–Pb dataset; this is notably the case for $\Xi^{*0}$. Pions from strong decays of both $\Sigma^{*\pm}$ and $\Xi^{*0}$ were selected according to the criteria for primary tracks. As summarized in Table 3, all charged tracks were selected with $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ $>$ 0.15  GeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc$  and $|\eta_{\mathrm{lab}}|<0.8$, as described in Ref. [22]. The primary tracks were chosen with the Distance of Closest Approach (DCA) to PV of less than 2 cm along the longitudinal direction (DCAz) and lower than 7$\sigma_{r}$ in the transverse plane (DCAr), where $\sigma_{r}$ is the resolution of DCAr. The $\sigma_{r}$ is strongly $p_{\mathrm{T}}$-dependent and lower than 100 $\mu$m for $p_{\mathrm{T}}>$ 0.5 GeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc$ [22]. To ensure a good track reconstruction quality, candidate tracks were required to have at least one hit in one of the two innermost layers (SPD) of the ITS and to have at least 70 reconstructed points in the TPC, out of a maximum of 159. The Particle IDentification (PID) criteria for all decay daughters are based on the requirement that the specific energy loss (d$E$/d$x$) is measured in the TPC within three standard deviations ($\sigma_{\mathrm{TPC}}$) from the expected value (d$E$/d$x_{\rm{exp}}$), computed using a Bethe-Bloch parametrization [22].

Since pions and protons from weak decay of $\Lambda$ ($\textit{c}\tau=7.89$ cm [16]) and pions from weak decay of $\Xi^{-}$ ($\textit{c}\tau=4.91$ cm [16]) are produced away from the PV, specific topological and track selection criteria, as summarized in Table 4, were applied [10, 17, 26].

In the analysis of $\Sigma^{*\pm}$, secondary $\pi$ and p from $\Lambda$ decays were selected with a DCA between the two tracks of less than 1.6 cm and with a DCAr to the PV greater than 0.05 cm, to remove most primary tracks. For $\Sigma^{*-}$ and $\overline{\Sigma}^{*+}$, the DCA of $\Lambda$ to the PV must be smaller than 0.3 cm in order to remove most of the primary weakly-decaying $\Xi(1321)^{-}$ and $\overline{\Xi}(1321)^{+}$, which share the same decay channel. The $\Lambda$ invariant mass ($M_{p\pi}$) was selected within $\pm$ 10 MeV/$\it{c}^{2}$ of the Particle Data Group (PDG) value ($m_{\Lambda}=1115.683\pm 0.006$ MeV/$\it{c}^{2}$) [16], the cosine of the pointing angle $\theta_{\Lambda}$ (the angle between the sum of daughter momenta and the line that connects the PV and the decay vertex, as shown in Fig. 1) was requested to be greater than 0.99, and the radius of the fiducial volume $r(\Lambda)$ (the distance between the PV and the decay vertex) was requested to be between 1.4 and 100 cm.

In the analysis of $\Xi^{*0}$, $\Lambda$ and $\pi$ from $\Xi^{-}$ were selected with a DCA of less than 1.9 cm and with a DCAr to the PV greater than 0.015 cm. The $\Lambda$ daughter particles ($\pi$ and p) were required to have a DCAr to the PV greater than 0.06 cm, while the DCA between the two particles was required to be less than 1.4 cm. Cuts on the invariant mass, the cosine of the pointing angle ($\theta_{\Lambda}$, $\theta_{\Xi}$) and the radius of the fiducial volume ($r(\Lambda)$, $r(\Xi)$) in Table 4 were applied to optimize the balance of purity and efficiency of each particle sample.

3.2 Signal extraction

The $\Sigma^{*\pm}$ and $\Xi^{*0}$ signals were reconstructed by invariant-mass analysis of candidates for the decay products in each transverse momentum interval of the resonance particle, and for each multiplicity class. Examples of invariant-mass distributions are presented in the left panels of Figs. 2 and 3 for \Sigma^{*+}$$\rightarrow $\Lambda\pi^{+}$ and $\Xi^{*0}$($\overline{\Xi}^{*0}$) $\rightarrow$ $\Xi^{-}\pi^{+}$($\Xi^{+}\pi^{-}$), respectively. 111Similarly to what has been observed in the pp analysis [17], the distributions of $\Sigma^{*-}$ ($\overline{\Sigma}^{*+}$), not shown in this paper, have an additional peak at $\sim$1.321 GeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc^{2}$, as narrow as $\sim$3 MeV/$\it{c}^{2}$, due to the residual $\Xi(1321)^{-}$ ($\overline{\Xi}(1321)^{+}$), escaping the filter on the DCA of $\Lambda$ to PV mentioned above.

Since the resonance decay products originate from a position which is indistinguishable from the PV, a significant combinatorial background is present. These background distributions were determined by means of a mixed-event technique, by combining uncorrelated decay products from 5 and 20 different events in the $\Sigma^{*\pm}$ and $\Xi^{*0}$ analyses, respectively. In order to minimise distortions due to different acceptances and to ensure a similar event structure, only tracks from events with similar vertex positions $z$ ($|\Delta z|<$ 1 cm) and track multiplicities $n$ ($|\Delta n|<$ 10) were taken.

For $\Sigma^{*\pm}$, the mixed-event background distributions were normalised to a $p_{\mathrm{T}}$-dependent invariant mass region where the mixed-event background and the invariant mass distribution have similar slopes, as shown in Fig. 2 (Left). These $p_{\mathrm{T}}$-dependent invariant mass regions range from 1.5 $<$ $M_{\Lambda\pi}$ $<$ 2.0 GeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc^{2}$, for the lowest $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ bin, to 1.95$<$ $M_{\Lambda\pi}$ $<$ 2.0 GeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc^{2}$, for the highest $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ bin. More details on the normalisation procedure are provided in Ref. [17]. The contribution of the normalisation to the systematic uncertainty was estimated by selecting different normalisation regions and accounts for less than 1%.

For $\Xi^{*0}$, the mixed-event background distributions were normalised to two fixed regions, 1.49 $<$ $M_{\Xi\pi}$ $<$ 1.51 GeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc^{2}$ and 1.56$<$ $M_{\Xi\pi}$ $<$ 1.58 GeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc^{2}$,  around the $\Xi^{*0}$ mass peak (Fig. 3 (Left)). These regions were used for all $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ intervals and multiplicity classes, because the background shape is reasonably well reproduced in these regions and the invariant-mass resolution of the reconstructed peaks appears stable, independently of $p_{\mathrm{T}}$. The uncertainty on the normalisation was estimated by varying the normalisation regions and is included in the quoted systematic uncertainty for the signal extraction (Table 5).

For $\Sigma^{*\pm}$, a combined fit of a second-order polynomial for the residual background description and a Breit-Wigner function with a width fixed to the PDG values [16] for the signal were used in the invariant-mass range of $1.28<M_{\Lambda\pi}<1.55$ GeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc^{2}$. The detector resolution ($\sim$1 MeV/$\it{c}^{2}$) is much lower than the $\Sigma^{*\pm}$ width and was therefore neglected. In the right panel of Fig. 2, the solid and dashed lines show the result of the combined fit and the residual background, respectively. Alternative fit ranges were taken into account in the estimation of the systematic uncertainty. A linear and a cubic parametrization for the residual background were used to study the systematic uncertainty related to the signal extraction.

For $\Xi^{*0}$, a combined fit of a first-order polynomial for the residual background and a Voigtian function (a convolution of a Breit-Wigner and a Gaussian function accounting for the detector resolution) for the signal was used, as described in Ref. [17].

The raw yields $N^{\rm RAW}$ were obtained by integrating the signal function from the combined fit. For $\Sigma^{*\pm}$, the integration of the Breit-Wigner function was carried out in the invariant mass range between 1.28 GeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc^{2}$ and 1.56 GeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc^{2}$. For $\Xi^{*0}$, the integration of the Voigtian function was done in the mass region between 1.48 GeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc^{2}$ and 1.59 GeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc^{2}$. In both cases, corrections for the tails outside the integration region were applied. The statistical uncertainties on the raw yields range between 5–15% for $\Sigma^{*\pm}$ and 2–6% for $\Xi^{*0}$, respectively.

3.3 Corrections and normalisation

The raw yields were corrected for the geometrical acceptance and the reconstruction efficiency (A $\times$ $\epsilon$) of the detector (Fig. 4) and by branching ratios (total B.R. in Table 2). By using the DPMJET 3.05 event generator [19] and the GEANT 3.21 package [27], a sample of about 100 million p–Pb events was simulated and reconstructed in order to compute the corrections. The distributions of $A\times\epsilon$ were obtained from the ratio between the number of reconstructed hyperons ($\Sigma^{*\pm}$ or $\Xi^{*0}$) and the number of generated hyperons in the same $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ and rapidity interval. Inefficiencies in the vertex reconstruction have a negligible effect for all multiplicity classes except 60-100%, where a correction factor of 1.03 has to be applied to the raw yields.

The product $A\times\epsilon$ for MB events is shown in Fig. 4 for $\Sigma^{*+}$ and $\Xi^{*0}$. Since the correction factors for different multiplicity classes are in agreement with those from MB events within statistical uncertainty, the latter were used for all multiplicity classes. For $\Sigma^{*+}$ and $\Sigma^{*-}$, the correction factors were the same. In the case of $\overline{\Sigma}^{*+}$ and $\overline{\Sigma}^{*-}$, correction factors were around 10% higher at low $p_{\mathrm{T}}$, as expected due to the different interaction cross sections of proton and antiprotons in the detector’s material  [28].

Finally, the yields were normalised to the number of events analysed in each multiplicity class, as defined in Table 1. The MB spectra were instead normalised to the number of NSD events after applying the correction factors for trigger efficiency and event selection, primary vertex reconstruction and selection, resulting in a total scaling factor of 0.964 [14].

3.4 Systematic uncertainties

Systematic effects due to the global tracking efficiency, track and topological selection cuts, PID, mass window selection ($\Xi^{\pm}$), vertex selection, signal extraction and uncertainties on the knowledge of the material budget and branching ratio were studied for each $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ interval and multiplicity class by comparing different choices of selection criteria. The results are summarized in Table 5.

Each source of systematic effects was first requested to pass a consistency check, testing whether a change in selection criteria prevents statistically significant differences in the reconstructed yields [29]. If the source failed the consistency check, the deviation between the default yield and the alternative one obtained by varying the selection was taken as systematic uncertainty. Sources which did not provide statistically significant differences are not listed in Table 5 (e.g. $\Lambda$ invariant mass window). The uncertainty for the $\Sigma^{*\pm}$ yield is taken as the average of the uncertainties for $\Sigma^{*+}$, $\overline{\Sigma}^{*-}$, $\Sigma^{*-}$, and $\overline{\Sigma}^{*+}$.

For $\Sigma^{*\pm}$, the main contribution to the total systematic uncertainty originates from the signal extraction, while for $\Xi^{*0}$ the main contribution is from the PID. The signal extraction includes variations of the background normalisation region, choice of the integration interval of the raw yield determination and, in the case of $\Sigma^{*\pm}$, order of the polynomial for describing the residual background. Also, an alternative method, which integrates the signal distribution by summing the bin contents, provides negligible differences.

Table 5 reports the minimum and maximum of the systematic uncertainty from each source. The systematic uncertainty in each $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ interval is obtained as the quadratic sum of all contributions, except the $p_{\mathrm{T}}$-independent uncertainties, which affect only the normalisation (see Section 4.1). The uncertainties which are dependent on multiplicity and uncorrelated across different multiplicity bins were treated separately. Topological selections, signal extraction and PID give the dominant contributions to the uncertainties uncorrelated across multiplicity. These uncertainties were estimated to be within 3% (5%), which represents a fraction of 35% (50%) of the total systematic uncertainty for $\Sigma^{*\pm}$ ($\Xi^{*0}$).

4 Results and discussion

4.1 Transverse momentum spectra

The transverse momentum spectra of $\Sigma^{*+}$ and $\Xi^{*0}$ in the rapidity range $-0.5<y_{\mathrm{CMS}}<\nobreak 0$ are shown in Fig. 5 for different multiplicity classes and for NSD events. They cover the ranges 1 $<$ $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ $<$ 6 GeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc$ for $\Sigma^{*+}$ and 0.8 $<$ $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ $<$ 8 GeV$\kern-1.49994pt/\kern-1.19995ptc$ for $\Xi^{*0}$. The spectra obtained for $\overline{\Sigma}^{*-}$, $\Sigma^{*-}$ and $\overline{\Sigma}^{*+}$ are consistent with the spectrum of $\Sigma^{*+}$.

The spectra are fitted with a Lévy-Tsallis function [30],

[TABLE]

where $N_{\mathrm{evt}}$ is the number of events, $m_{0}$ is the mass of the particle, and $n$, $C$ and the integrated yield d$N$/d$y$ are free parameters for the fit. This function was successfully used to describe most of the identified particle spectra in pp collisions  [17, 14, 26].

The values of d$N$/d$y$ and $\langle p_{\mathrm{T}}\rangle$ shown in Table 6 were calculated by using the experimental spectrum in the measured $p_{\mathrm{T}}$-range and the Lévy-Tsallis fit function outside of the measured $p_{\mathrm{T}}$-range. The contribution from the low-$p_{\mathrm{T}}$ extrapolation to the total d$N$/d$y$ is 36-47% (20-29%) for $\Sigma^{*+}$ ($\Xi^{*0}$) moving from low to high multiplicity, while the one from the high-$p_{\mathrm{T}}$ extrapolation is negligible. The systematic uncertainties on d$N$/d$y$ and $\langle p_{\mathrm{T}}\rangle$ presented in Table 6 were estimated by repeating the Lévy-Tsallis fit moving randomly (with a Gaussian distribution) the measured points within their $p_{\mathrm{T}}$-dependent systematic uncertainties. The $p_{\mathrm{T}}$-independent uncertainties were further added in quadrature to the systematic uncertainties on d$N$/d$y$. Alternative functional forms, such as Boltzmann-Gibbs Blast-Wave  [31, 32], $m_{\rm{T}}$-exponential [33, 32], Boltzmann and Bose-Einstein fit functions were used for both particles to evaluate the systematic uncertainties on the low-$p_{\mathrm{T}}$ extrapolation. The maximum difference between the results obtained with the various fit functions was taken as the uncertainty. These systematic uncertainties, which vary between 5% and 10%, were added in quadrature to the uncertainties for the Lévy-Tsallis fit. The values for $\Sigma^{*\pm}$ in Table 6 were obtained by averaging those for $\Sigma^{*+}$, $\overline{\Sigma}^{*-}$, $\Sigma^{*-}$ and $\overline{\Sigma}^{*+}$ to reduce the statistical uncertainties.

4.2 Mean transverse momenta

Figure 6 shows the mean transverse momentum $\langle p_{\mathrm{T}}\rangle$ as a function of mean charged-particle multiplicity density $\langle$d$N_{\mathrm{ch}}$/d$\eta_{\mathrm{lab}}\rangle$ at midrapidity. The results for $\Sigma^{*\pm}$ and $\Xi^{*0}$ are compared with those for other hyperons observed in p–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV [24, 10].

Increasing trends from low to high multiplicities are observed for all hyperons. For both $\Sigma^{*\pm}$ and $\Xi^{*0}$, the mean transverse momenta increase by 20% as the mean charged-particle multiplicity increases from 7.1 to 35.6. This result is similar to the one obtained for the other hyperons. Furthermore, a similar increase has been observed also for K*±*, K${}_{\rm{S}}^{0}$, K${}^{*}(892)^{0}$ and $\phi$ [14], whereas protons are subject to a larger ($\sim$ 33%) increase in the given multiplicity range, as discussed also in Ref. [24].

In all multiplicity classes, the $\langle p_{\mathrm{T}}\rangle$ follows an approximate mass ordering: $\langle p_{\mathrm{T}}\rangle_{\Lambda}<\langle p_{\mathrm{T}}\rangle_{\Xi^{-}}$ $\simeq$ $\langle p_{\mathrm{T}}\rangle_{\Sigma^{*\pm}}<\langle p_{\mathrm{T}}\rangle_{\Xi^{*0}}<\langle p_{\mathrm{T}}\rangle_{\Omega^{-}}$. The $\langle p_{\mathrm{T}}\rangle$ of $\Sigma^{*\pm}$ looks systematically lower than the $\langle p_{\mathrm{T}}\rangle$ of $\Xi^{-}$, despite the larger mass of $\Sigma^{*\pm}$. The uncertainties, however, are too large to draw any conclusion on possible hints of violation of the mass hierarchy. This hierarchy of mass-ordering, also including $D^{0}$ and $J$/$\psi$ in the comparison, is displayed in Fig. 7. Note, however, that the $D^{0}$ and $J$/$\psi$ were measured in different rapidity ranges: $|y_{\mathrm{CMS}}|<0.5$ [34] ($|y_{\mathrm{CMS}}|<0.9$ [35]) for $D^{0}$ ($J$/$\psi$) in pp and $-0.96<y_{\mathrm{CMS}}<0.04$ [34] ($-1.37<y_{\mathrm{CMS}}<0.43$ [36]) for $D^{0}$ ($J$/$\psi$) in p–Pb, and the results for $D^{0}$ and $J$/$\psi$ in p-Pb collisions are for the 0-100% multiplicity class. This mass dependence is observed in both p–Pb and pp collisions. It was observed also by the STAR collaboration [37] in MB pp, MB d–Au and central Au–Au collisions.

Furthermore, for the light-flavour hadrons, the mean transverse momenta in p–Pb collisions are observed to be consistently higher than those in pp collisions at 7 TeV. The situation for the charm hadrons is different, where $\langle p_{\mathrm{T}}\rangle$ appears compatible between both colliding systems. The discrepancy is likely due to different production mechanisms for heavy and light flavours and to a harder fragmentation of charm quarks. Specifically, the fact that $\langle p_{\mathrm{T}}\rangle$ remains similar in pp and in p–Pb is consistent with (i) the fact that p–Pb collisions can be considered as a superposition of independent nucleon-nucleon collisions for what concerns $D$-meson production, as described in [34], and/or (ii) with the effects of shadowing in p–Pb which reduces the production at low $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ and thus increasing the overall $\langle p_{\mathrm{T}}\rangle$ for $J$/$\psi$ [36]; the small $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ hardening expected in pp when going from 5.02 to 7 TeV is apparently not enough to counter-balance the situation.

Because of small decrease of the $\langle p_{\mathrm{T}}\rangle$ for proton and $\Lambda$ relative to those for K*∗0* and $\phi$, two different trends for mesons and baryons have been suggested [38]. Even including $D^{0}$ and $J$/$\psi$, as shown in Fig. 7, a different trend for mesons and baryons cannot be convincingly established.

4.3 Integrated particle ratios

The integrated yield ratios of excited to ground-state hyperons  [39, 24, 17, 10, 32, 37] with the same strangeness content, for different collision systems and energies, are shown in Fig. 8 as a function of $\langle$d$N_{\mathrm{ch}}$/d$\eta_{\mathrm{lab}}\rangle$. In both cases, the variation of the integrated yield ratio with mean multiplicity is within experimental uncertainties. In fact, the similar flat behaviour of $\Sigma^{*\pm}/\Lambda$ and $\Xi^{*0}/\Xi^{-}$ is remarkable, when considering their different lifetimes and other properties such as spin and mass.

The results are compared with model predictions, PYTHIA8 for $\mathrm{p\kern-0.50003ptp}$ at 7 TeV [20] and DPMJET for p–Pb at 5.02 TeV [19] collisions. The $\Sigma^{*\pm}$/$\Lambda$ ratios are consistent with the values predicted by PYTHIA8 in $\mathrm{p\kern-0.50003ptp}$ collisions, whereas the DPMJET prediction for p–Pb collisions is lower than the experimental data. The measured $\Xi^{*0}$/$\Xi^{-}$ ratios appear higher than the corresponding predictions for both systems. Note that the PYTHIA8 [20] and DPMJET [19] values in Figs. 8 and 9 were obtained respectively for INEL pp and NSD p–Pb events, which have corresponding mean charged-particle multiplicities of $\langle$d$N_{\mathrm{ch}}$/d$\eta_{\mathrm{lab}}\rangle_{\mathrm{INEL}}$ = 4.60 ${}^{+0.34}_{-0.17}$  [40] and $\langle$d$N_{\mathrm{ch}}$/d$\eta_{\mathrm{lab}}\rangle_{\mathrm{NSD}}$ = 17.4 $\pm$ 0.7  [23]. These predictions are indicated as dotted and dashed lines with arbitrary lengths in the pertinent multiplicity regions in Figs. 8 and 9. Fig. 9 will be discussed later.

The results are also compared to thermal model predictions [7, 18]. For small systems a canonical treatment is a priori required to take into account exact strangeness conservation [18]. This approach leads to a dependence on system size as can be seen in p-Pb collisions studying multi-strange hadrons [10]. For the chosen ratios, however, the canonical corrections are identical for numerator and denominator (same strangeness quantum number). Therefore, the grand canonical values are used in Fig. 8 for two models [7, 18], which are marked at the asymptotic limit, corresponding to the mean charged-particle multiplicity in Pb–Pb [43].

The constant behaviour of the yield ratios of excited to ground-state hyperons with same strangeness content indicates that neither regeneration nor re-scattering dominates with increasing collision system size, even for $\Sigma^{*\pm}$, which has a shorter lifetime than $\Xi^{*0}$ by a factor of 4. It is especially interesting to consider the constant behaviour of $\Sigma^{*\pm}$ /$\Lambda$ ratio in contrast to the apparent decrease observed for K*∗0*/K- ratio in the same $\langle$d$N_{\mathrm{ch}}$/d$\eta_{\mathrm{lab}}\rangle$ range [14], in spite of the similarly short lifetimes of $\Sigma^{*\pm}$ and K*∗0*. In Pb–Pb collisions, both behaviours are predicted by the EPOS3 model [44, 45], which employs the UrQMD model [46] for the description of the hadronic phase. In addition, the $\Sigma^{*\pm}$/$\Lambda$ ratios at LHC energies turn out to be comparable with the results obtained at lower energies by the STAR collaboration [32, 37].

The integrated yield ratios of excited hyperons to pions are shown in Fig. 9 to study the evolution of relative strangeness production yields with increasing collision system size. Considering the relatively small systematic uncertainties uncorrelated across multiplicity (shaded boxes), one observes increasing patterns by 40-60% relative to results in $\mathrm{p\kern-0.50003ptp}$ collisions at the same $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$, depending on the strangeness contents. These results are consistent with previous observations of ground-state hyperons to pion ratios measured at ALICE [10]. The constant behavior of the $\Sigma^{*\pm}$/$\Lambda$ and $\Xi^{*0}/\Xi^{-}$ ratios indicates that the strangeness enhancement observed in p-Pb collisions depends predominantly on the strangeness content, rather than on the hyperon mass. Results from low-energy collisions [32, 37, 42] show a similar pattern in spite of the narrower range accessible for mean charged-particle multiplicity. In both cases, QCD-inspired predictions like PYTHIA for pp [20] and DPMJET for p–Pb [19] clearly underestimate the observed yield ratios, while the statistical one seems to be comparable with results from high multiplicity events.

5 Conclusions

Transverse momentum spectra of $\Sigma^{*\pm}$ and $\Xi^{*0}$ produced in p–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV have been measured, and the yields and mean $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ values have been extracted with the help of Lévy-Tsallis fits. The mean $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ of these hyperon resonances exhibit a similarly increasing pattern as other hyperons ($\Lambda$, $\Xi^{-}$, $\Omega^{-}$), depending on mean multiplicity and following the approximate mass ordering observed for other particles despite of relatively large uncertainties. The integrated yield ratios of excited to ground-state hyperons, with the same strangeness content, show a flat behaviour over the whole mean multiplicity range. The $\Sigma^{*\pm}$/$\Lambda$ ratio does not show a variation with collision energy, nor with increasing system size. The $\Xi^{*0}$/$\Xi^{-}$ ratios are higher than predicted by event generators. Both ratios agree with thermal model values. The yield ratios relative to pions show a gradual increase with $\langle$d$N_{\mathrm{ch}}$/d$\eta_{\mathrm{lab}}\rangle$. This rise is consistent with the results of ground-state hyperons produced in the same collision system, i.e. they show a gradual evolution with the system size depending only on the strangeness content.

The current measurement represents a relevant baseline for further investigation in Pb–Pb collisions. It will be especially valuable to compare the $\Sigma^{*\pm}$/$\Lambda$ ratio with K*∗0*/K-, since $\Sigma^{*\pm}$ and K*∗0* have similar lifetimes. A complete set of such measurements for many resonances ($\rho$, K*∗0*, $\phi$, $\Sigma^{*\pm}$, $\Lambda^{*}$, $\Xi^{*0}$) with different lifetimes will allow the properties of the hadronic phase to be studied in more detail.

Acknowledgements

The ALICE Collaboration would like to thank all its engineers and technicians for their invaluable contributions to the construction of the experiment and the CERN accelerator teams for the outstanding performance of the LHC complex. The ALICE Collaboration gratefully acknowledges the resources and support provided by all Grid centres and the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) collaboration. The ALICE Collaboration acknowledges the following funding agencies for their support in building and running the ALICE detector: A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation (ANSL), State Committee of Science and World Federation of Scientists (WFS), Armenia; Austrian Academy of Sciences and Nationalstiftung für Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung, Austria; Ministry of Communications and High Technologies, National Nuclear Research Center, Azerbaijan; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Brazil; Ministry of Science & Technology of China (MSTC), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and Ministry of Education of China (MOEC) , China; Ministry of Science, Education and Sport and Croatian Science Foundation, Croatia; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic; The Danish Council for Independent Research — Natural Sciences, the Carlsberg Foundation and Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF), Denmark; Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Finland; Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA) and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France; Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie (BMBF) and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Germany; Ministry of Education, Research and Religious Affairs, Greece; National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary; Department of Atomic Energy Government of India (DAE) and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India; Indonesian Institute of Science, Indonesia; Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy; Institute for Innovative Science and Technology , Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science (IIST), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI and Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia (CONACYT) y Tecnología, through Fondo de Cooperación Internacional en Ciencia y Tecnología (FONCICYT) and Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Academico (DGAPA), Mexico; Nationaal instituut voor subatomaire fysica (Nikhef), Netherlands; The Research Council of Norway, Norway; Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South (COMSATS), Pakistan; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Peru; Ministry of Science and Higher Education and National Science Centre, Poland; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), Republic of Korea; Ministry of Education and Scientific Research, Institute of Atomic Physics and Romanian National Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation, Romania; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Russia; Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, Slovakia; National Research Foundation of South Africa, South Africa; Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Cubaenergía, Cuba, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion and Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Spain; Swedish Research Council (VR) and Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW), Sweden; European Organization for Nuclear Research, Switzerland; National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSDTA), Suranaree University of Technology (SUT) and Office of the Higher Education Commission under NRU project of Thailand, Thailand; Turkish Atomic Energy Agency (TAEK), Turkey; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), United Kingdom; National Science Foundation of the United States of America (NSF) and United States Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics (DOE NP), United States of America.

Appendix A The ALICE Collaboration

D. Adamová${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 87}}$, M.M. Aggarwal${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 91}}$, G. Aglieri Rinella${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, M. Agnello${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 30}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 113}}$, N. Agrawal${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 47}}$, Z. Ahammed${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 139}}$, S. Ahmad${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 17}}$, S.U. Ahn${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 69}}$, S. Aiola${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 143}}$, A. Akindinov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 54}}$, S.N. Alam${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 139}}$, D.S.D. Albuquerque${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 124}}$, D. Aleksandrov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 83}}$, B. Alessandro${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 113}}$, D. Alexandre${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 104}}$, R. Alfaro Molina${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 64}}$, A. Alici${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 12}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 107}}$, A. Alkin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 3}}$, J. Alme${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 21}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 36}}$, T. Alt${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 41}}$, S. Altinpinar${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 21}}$, I. Altsybeev${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 138}}$, C. Alves Garcia Prado${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 123}}$, M. An${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$, C. Andrei${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 80}}$, H.A. Andrews${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 104}}$, A. Andronic${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 100}}$, V. Anguelov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 96}}$, C. Anson${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 90}}$, T. Antičić${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 101}}$, F. Antinori${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 110}}$, P. Antonioli${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 107}}$, R. Anwar${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 126}}$, L. Aphecetche${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 116}}$, H. Appelshäuser${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 60}}$, S. Arcelli${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 26}}$, R. Arnaldi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 113}}$, O.W. Arnold${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 97}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 35}}$, I.C. Arsene${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 20}}$, M. Arslandok${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 60}}$, B. Audurier${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 116}}$, A. Augustinus${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, R. Averbeck${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 100}}$, M.D. Azmi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 17}}$, A. Badalà${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 109}}$, Y.W. Baek${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 68}}$, S. Bagnasco${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 113}}$, R. Bailhache${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 60}}$, R. Bala${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 93}}$, A. Baldisseri${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 65}}$, M. Ball${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 44}}$, R.C. Baral${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 57}}$, A.M. Barbano${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 25}}$, R. Barbera${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 27}}$, F. Barile${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 32}}$, L. Barioglio${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 25}}$, G.G. Barnaföldi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 142}}$, L.S. Barnby${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 104}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, V. Barret${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 71}}$, P. Bartalini${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$, K. Barth${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, J. Bartke${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 120}}$\Aref0, E. Bartsch${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 60}}$, M. Basile${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 26}}$, N. Bastid${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 71}}$, S. Basu${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 139}}$, B. Bathen${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 61}}$, G. Batigne${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 116}}$, A. Batista Camejo${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 71}}$, B. Batyunya${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 67}}$, P.C. Batzing${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 20}}$, I.G. Bearden${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 84}}$, H. Beck${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 96}}$, C. Bedda${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 30}}$, N.K. Behera${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 50}}$, I. Belikov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 135}}$, F. Bellini${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 26}}$, H. Bello Martinez${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 2}}$, R. Bellwied${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 126}}$, L.G.E. Beltran${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 122}}$, V. Belyaev${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 76}}$, G. Bencedi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 142}}$, S. Beole${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 25}}$, A. Bercuci${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 80}}$, Y. Berdnikov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 89}}$, D. Berenyi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 142}}$, R.A. Bertens${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 53}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 129}}$, D. Berzano${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, L. Betev${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, A. Bhasin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 93}}$, I.R. Bhat${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 93}}$, A.K. Bhati${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 91}}$, B. Bhattacharjee${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 43}}$, J. Bhom${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 120}}$, L. Bianchi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 126}}$, N. Bianchi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 73}}$, C. Bianchin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 141}}$, J. Bielčík${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 38}}$, J. Bielčíková${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 87}}$, A. Bilandzic${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 35}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 97}}$, G. Biro${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 142}}$, R. Biswas${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 4}}$, S. Biswas${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 4}}$, J.T. Blair${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 121}}$, D. Blau${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 83}}$, C. Blume${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 60}}$, G. Boca${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 136}}$, F. Bock${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 75}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 96}}$, A. Bogdanov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 76}}$, L. Boldizsár${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 142}}$, M. Bombara${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 39}}$, G. Bonomi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 137}}$, M. Bonora${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, J. Book${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 60}}$, H. Borel${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 65}}$, A. Borissov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 99}}$, M. Borri${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 128}}$, E. Botta${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 25}}$, C. Bourjau${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 84}}$, P. Braun-Munzinger${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 100}}$, M. Bregant${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 123}}$, T.A. Broker${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 60}}$, T.A. Browning${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 98}}$, M. Broz${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 38}}$, E.J. Brucken${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 45}}$, E. Bruna${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 113}}$, G.E. Bruno${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 32}}$, D. Budnikov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 102}}$, H. Buesching${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 60}}$, S. Bufalino${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 30}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 25}}$, P. Buhler${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 115}}$, S.A.I. Buitron${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 62}}$, P. Buncic${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, O. Busch${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 132}}$, Z. Buthelezi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 66}}$, J.B. Butt${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 15}}$, J.T. Buxton${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 18}}$, J. Cabala${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 118}}$, D. Caffarri${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, H. Caines${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 143}}$, A. Caliva${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 53}}$, E. Calvo Villar${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 105}}$, P. Camerini${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 24}}$, A.A. Capon${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 115}}$, F. Carena${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, W. Carena${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, F. Carnesecchi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 26}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 12}}$, J. Castillo Castellanos${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 65}}$, A.J. Castro${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 129}}$, E.A.R. Casula${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 23}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 108}}$, C. Ceballos Sanchez${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 9}}$, P. Cerello${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 113}}$, B. Chang${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 127}}$, S. Chapeland${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, M. Chartier${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 128}}$, J.L. Charvet${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 65}}$, S. Chattopadhyay${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 139}}$, S. Chattopadhyay${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 103}}$, A. Chauvin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 97}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 35}}$, M. Cherney${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 90}}$, C. Cheshkov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 134}}$, B. Cheynis${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 134}}$, V. Chibante Barroso${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, D.D. Chinellato${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 124}}$, S. Cho${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 50}}$, P. Chochula${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, K. Choi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 99}}$, M. Chojnacki${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 84}}$, S. Choudhury${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 139}}$, P. Christakoglou${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 85}}$, C.H. Christensen${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 84}}$, P. Christiansen${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 33}}$, T. Chujo${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 132}}$, S.U. Chung${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 99}}$, C. Cicalo${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 108}}$, L. Cifarelli${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 12}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 26}}$, F. Cindolo${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 107}}$, J. Cleymans${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 92}}$, F. Colamaria${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 32}}$, D. Colella${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 55}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, A. Collu${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 75}}$, M. Colocci${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 26}}$, G. Conesa Balbastre${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 72}}$, Z. Conesa del Valle${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 51}}$, M.E. Connors${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 143}}$\Arefidp1804352, J.G. Contreras${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 38}}$, T.M. Cormier${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 88}}$, Y. Corrales Morales${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 113}}$, I. Cortés Maldonado${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 2}}$, P. Cortese${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 31}}$, M.R. Cosentino${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 125}}$, F. Costa${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, S. Costanza${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 136}}$, J. Crkovská${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 51}}$, P. Crochet${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 71}}$, E. Cuautle${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 62}}$, L. Cunqueiro${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 61}}$, T. Dahms${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 35}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 97}}$, A. Dainese${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 110}}$, M.C. Danisch${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 96}}$, A. Danu${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 58}}$, D. Das${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 103}}$, I. Das${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 103}}$, S. Das${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 4}}$, A. Dash${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 81}}$, S. Dash${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 47}}$, S. De${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 48}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 123}}$, A. De Caro${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 29}}$, G. de Cataldo${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 106}}$, C. de Conti${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 123}}$, J. de Cuveland${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 41}}$, A. De Falco${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 23}}$, D. De Gruttola${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 12}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 29}}$, N. De Marco${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 113}}$, S. De Pasquale${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 29}}$, R.D. De Souza${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 124}}$, H.F. Degenhardt${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 123}}$, A. Deisting${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 100}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 96}}$, A. Deloff${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 79}}$, C. Deplano${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 85}}$, P. Dhankher${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 47}}$, D. Di Bari${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 32}}$, A. Di Mauro${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, P. Di Nezza${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 73}}$, B. Di Ruzza${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 110}}$, M.A. Diaz Corchero${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 10}}$, T. Dietel${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 92}}$, P. Dillenseger${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 60}}$, R. Divià${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, Ø. Djuvsland${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 21}}$, A. Dobrin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 58}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, D. Domenicis Gimenez${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 123}}$, B. Dönigus${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 60}}$, O. Dordic${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 20}}$, T. Drozhzhova${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 60}}$, A.K. Dubey${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 139}}$, A. Dubla${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 100}}$, L. Ducroux${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 134}}$, A.K. Duggal${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 91}}$, P. Dupieux${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 71}}$, R.J. Ehlers${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 143}}$, D. Elia${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 106}}$, E. Endress${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 105}}$, H. Engel${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 59}}$, E. Epple${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 143}}$, B. Erazmus${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 116}}$, F. Erhardt${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 133}}$, B. Espagnon${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 51}}$, S. Esumi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 132}}$, G. Eulisse${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, J. Eum${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 99}}$, D. Evans${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 104}}$, S. Evdokimov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 114}}$, L. Fabbietti${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 35}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 97}}$, D. Fabris${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 110}}$, J. Faivre${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 72}}$, A. Fantoni${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 73}}$, M. Fasel${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 88}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 75}}$, L. Feldkamp${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 61}}$, A. Feliciello${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 113}}$, G. Feofilov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 138}}$, J. Ferencei${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 87}}$, A. Fernández Téllez${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 2}}$, E.G. Ferreiro${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 16}}$, A. Ferretti${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 25}}$, A. Festanti${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 28}}$, V.J.G. Feuillard${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 71}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 65}}$, J. Figiel${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 120}}$, M.A.S. Figueredo${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 123}}$, S. Filchagin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 102}}$, D. Finogeev${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 52}}$, F.M. Fionda${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 23}}$, E.M. Fiore${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 32}}$, M. Floris${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, S. Foertsch${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 66}}$, P. Foka${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 100}}$, S. Fokin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 83}}$, E. Fragiacomo${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 112}}$, A. Francescon${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, A. Francisco${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 116}}$, U. Frankenfeld${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 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116}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 135}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, K. Schwarz${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 100}}$, K. Schweda${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 100}}$, G. Scioli${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 26}}$, E. Scomparin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 113}}$, R. Scott${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 129}}$, M. Šefčík${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 39}}$, J.E. Seger${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 90}}$, Y. Sekiguchi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 131}}$, D. Sekihata${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 46}}$, I. Selyuzhenkov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 100}}$, K. Senosi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 66}}$, S. Senyukov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 3}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 135}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, E. Serradilla${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 64}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 10}}$, P. Sett${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 47}}$, A. Sevcenco${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 58}}$, A. Shabanov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 52}}$, A. Shabetai${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 116}}$, O. Shadura${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 3}}$, R. Shahoyan${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, A. Shangaraev${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 114}}$, A. Sharma${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 93}}$, A. Sharma${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 91}}$, M. Sharma${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 93}}$, M. Sharma${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 93}}$, N. Sharma${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 129}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 91}}$, A.I. Sheikh${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 139}}$, K. Shigaki${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 46}}$, Q. Shou${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$, K. Shtejer${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 25}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 9}}$, Y. Sibiriak${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 83}}$, S. Siddhanta${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 108}}$, K.M. Sielewicz${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, T. Siemiarczuk${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 79}}$, D. Silvermyr${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 33}}$, C. Silvestre${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 72}}$, G. Simatovic${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 133}}$, G. Simonetti${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, R. Singaraju${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 139}}$, R. Singh${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 81}}$, V. Singhal${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 139}}$, T. Sinha${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 103}}$, B. Sitar${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 37}}$, M. Sitta${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 31}}$, T.B. Skaali${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 20}}$, M. Slupecki${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 127}}$, N. Smirnov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 143}}$, R.J.M. Snellings${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 53}}$, T.W. Snellman${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 127}}$, J. Song${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 99}}$, M. Song${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 144}}$, F. Soramel${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 28}}$, S. Sorensen${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 129}}$, F. Sozzi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 100}}$, E. Spiriti${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 73}}$, I. Sputowska${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 120}}$, B.K. Srivastava${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 98}}$, J. Stachel${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 96}}$, I. Stan${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 58}}$, P. Stankus${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 88}}$, E. Stenlund${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 33}}$, J.H. Stiller${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 96}}$, D. Stocco${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 116}}$, P. Strmen${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 37}}$, A.A.P. Suaide${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 123}}$, T. Sugitate${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 46}}$, C. Suire${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 51}}$, M. Suleymanov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 15}}$, M. Suljic${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 24}}$, R. Sultanov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 54}}$, M. Šumbera${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 87}}$, S. Sumowidagdo${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 49}}$, K. Suzuki${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 115}}$, S. Swain${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 57}}$, A. Szabo${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 37}}$, I. Szarka${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 37}}$, A. Szczepankiewicz${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 140}}$, M. Szymanski${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 140}}$, U. Tabassam${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 15}}$, J. Takahashi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 124}}$, G.J. Tambave${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 21}}$, N. Tanaka${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 132}}$, M. Tarhini${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 51}}$, M. Tariq${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 17}}$, M.G. Tarzila${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 80}}$, A. Tauro${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, G. Tejeda Muñoz${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 2}}$, A. Telesca${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, K. Terasaki${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 131}}$, C. Terrevoli${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 28}}$, B. Teyssier${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 134}}$, D. Thakur${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 48}}$, S. Thakur${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 139}}$, D. Thomas${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 121}}$, R. Tieulent${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 134}}$, A. Tikhonov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 52}}$, A.R. Timmins${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 126}}$, A. Toia${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 60}}$, S. Tripathy${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 48}}$, S. Trogolo${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 25}}$, G. Trombetta${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 32}}$, V. Trubnikov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 3}}$, W.H. Trzaska${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 127}}$, B.A. Trzeciak${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 53}}$, T. Tsuji${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 131}}$, A. Tumkin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 102}}$, R. Turrisi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 110}}$, T.S. Tveter${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 20}}$, K. Ullaland${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 21}}$, E.N. Umaka${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 126}}$, A. Uras${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 134}}$, G.L. Usai${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 23}}$, A. Utrobicic${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 133}}$, M. Vala${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 118}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 55}}$, J. Van Der Maarel${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 53}}$, J.W. Van Hoorne${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, M. van Leeuwen${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 53}}$, T. Vanat${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 87}}$, P. Vande Vyvre${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, D. Varga${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 142}}$, A. Vargas${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 2}}$, M. Vargyas${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 127}}$, R. Varma${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 47}}$, M. Vasileiou${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 78}}$, A. Vasiliev${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 83}}$, A. Vauthier${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 72}}$, O. Vázquez Doce${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 97}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 35}}$, V. Vechernin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 138}}$, A.M. Veen${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 53}}$, A. Velure${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 21}}$, E. Vercellin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 25}}$, S. Vergara Limón${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 2}}$, R. Vernet${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 8}}$, R. Vértesi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 142}}$, L. Vickovic${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 119}}$, S. Vigolo${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 53}}$, J. Viinikainen${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 127}}$, Z. Vilakazi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 130}}$, O. Villalobos Baillie${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 104}}$, A. Villatoro Tello${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 2}}$, A. Vinogradov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 83}}$, L. Vinogradov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 138}}$, T. Virgili${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 29}}$, V. Vislavicius${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 33}}$, A. Vodopyanov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 67}}$, M.A. Völkl${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 96}}$, K. Voloshin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 54}}$, S.A. Voloshin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 141}}$, G. Volpe${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 32}}$, B. von Haller${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, I. Vorobyev${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 97}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 35}}$, D. Voscek${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 118}}$, D. Vranic${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 100}}$, J. Vrláková${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 39}}$, B. Wagner${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 21}}$, J. Wagner${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 100}}$, H. Wang${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 53}}$, M. Wang${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$, D. Watanabe${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 132}}$, Y. Watanabe${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 131}}$, M. Weber${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 115}}$, S.G. Weber${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 100}}$, D.F. Weiser${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 96}}$, J.P. Wessels${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 61}}$, U. Westerhoff${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 61}}$, A.M. Whitehead${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 92}}$, J. Wiechula${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 60}}$, J. Wikne${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 20}}$, G. Wilk${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 79}}$, J. Wilkinson${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 96}}$, G.A. Willems${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 61}}$, M.C.S. Williams${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 107}}$, B. Windelband${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 96}}$, W.E. Witt${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 129}}$, S. Yalcin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 70}}$, P. Yang${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$, S. Yano${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 46}}$, Z. Yin${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$, H. Yokoyama${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 132}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 72}}$, I.-K. Yoo${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 99}}$, J.H. Yoon${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 50}}$, V. Yurchenko${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 3}}$, V. Zaccolo${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 84}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 113}}$, A. Zaman${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 15}}$, C. Zampolli${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$, H.J.C. Zanoli${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 123}}$, S. Zaporozhets${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 67}}$, N. Zardoshti${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 104}}$, A. Zarochentsev${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 138}}$, P. Závada${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 56}}$, N. Zaviyalov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 102}}$, H. Zbroszczyk${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 140}}$, M. Zhalov${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 89}}$, H. Zhang${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 21}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$, X. Zhang${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 75}}$, Y. Zhang${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$, C. Zhang${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 53}}$, Z. Zhang${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$, C. Zhao${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 20}}$, N. Zhigareva${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 54}}$, D. Zhou${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$, Y. Zhou${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 84}}$, Z. Zhou${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 21}}$, H. Zhu${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 21}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$, J. Zhu${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 116}}$, X. Zhu${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 7}}$, A. Zichichi${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 12}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 26}}$, A. Zimmermann${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 96}}$, M.B. Zimmermann${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 34}}$,${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 61}}$, S. Zimmermann${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 115}}$, G. Zinovjev${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 3}}$, J. Zmeskal${}^{\textrm{\scriptsize 115}}$

Affiliation notes

{Authlist}

\Adef

0Deceased

\Adef

idp1804352Also at: Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States

\Adef

idp3241008Also at: Also at Department of Applied Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

\Adef

idp4012544Also at: M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear, Physics, Moscow, Russia

Collaboration Institutes

1A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia

2Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico

3Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev, Ukraine

4Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India

5Budker Institute for Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia

6California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, United States

7Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China

8Centre de Calcul de l’IN2P3, Villeurbanne, Lyon, France

9Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba

10Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain

11Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico

12Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi’, Rome, Italy

13Chicago State University, Chicago, Illinois, United States

14China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China

15COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan

16Departamento de Física de Partículas and IGFAE, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

17Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

18Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States

19Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea

20Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

21Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

22Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università ’La Sapienza’ and Sezione INFN, Rome, Italy

23Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy

24Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy

25Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy

26Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy

27Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy

28Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy

29Dipartimento di Fisica ‘E.R. Caianiello’ dell’Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy

30Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy

31Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica dell’Università del Piemonte Orientale and INFN Sezione di Torino, Alessandria, Italy

32Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy

33Division of Experimental High Energy Physics, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden

34European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland

35Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

36Faculty of Engineering, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway

37Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia

38Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

39Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia

40Faculty of Technology, Buskerud and Vestfold University College, Tonsberg, Norway

41Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany

42Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea

43Gauhati University, Department of Physics, Guwahati, India

44Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany

45Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsinki, Finland

46Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan

47Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India

48Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India

49Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia

50Inha University, Incheon, South Korea

51Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France

52Institute for Nuclear Research, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

53Institute for Subatomic Physics of Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands

54Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia

55Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia

56Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic

57Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India

58Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania

59Institut für Informatik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany

60Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany

61Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany

62Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

63Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil

64Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

65IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, Saclay, France

66iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa

67Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia

68Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea

69Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, South Korea

70KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey

71Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS–IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France

72Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France

73Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Frascati, Italy

74Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, INFN, Legnaro, Italy

75Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States

76Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia

77Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan

78National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Physics Department, Athens, Greece, Athens, Greece

79National Centre for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland

80National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania

81National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, India

82National Nuclear Research Center, Baku, Azerbaijan

83National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia

84Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

85Nikhef, Nationaal instituut voor subatomaire fysica, Amsterdam, Netherlands

86Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, United Kingdom

87Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Řež u Prahy, Czech Republic

88Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States

89Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia

90Physics Department, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States

91Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

92Physics Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

93Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India

94Physics Department, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India

95Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

96Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

97Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

98Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States

99Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea

100Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany

101Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia

102Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russia

103Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India

104School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

105Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru

106Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy

107Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy

108Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy

109Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy

110Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy

111Sezione INFN, Rome, Italy

112Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy

113Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy

114SSC IHEP of NRC Kurchatov institute, Protvino, Russia

115Stefan Meyer Institut für Subatomare Physik (SMI), Vienna, Austria

116SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France

117Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand

118Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovakia

119Technical University of Split FESB, Split, Croatia

120The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland

121The University of Texas at Austin, Physics Department, Austin, Texas, United States

122Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico

123Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil

124Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil

125Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil

126University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States

127University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland

128University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

129University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States

130University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

131University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

132University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

133University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

134Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IPN-Lyon, Villeurbanne, Lyon, France

135Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France

136Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy

137Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy

138V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

139Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India

140Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

141Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States

142Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary

143Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States

144Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea

145Zentrum für Technologietransfer und Telekommunikation (ZTT), Fachhochschule Worms, Worms, Germany