# Pseudo bulges in galaxy groups: the role of environment in secular evolution

## TL;DR

This study investigates how the environment influences the formation of pseudo bulges in galaxies, finding that secular processes are environment-independent while bulge type differentiation depends on environment, especially for central galaxies.

## Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of pseudo bulge fractions across different galaxy environments, highlighting the environmental dependence of bulge type differentiation.

## Key findings

- Pseudo bulge fraction is similar in satellite and field galaxies.
- Central galaxy pseudo bulge fraction is about half that of satellites and field galaxies.
- Pseudo bulge luminosity shows no dependence on environment.

## Abstract

We examine the dependence of the fraction of galaxies containing pseudo bulges on environment for a flux limited sample of $\sim$5000 SDSS galaxies. We have separated bulges into classical and pseudo bulge categories based on their position on the Kormendy diagram. Pseudo bulges are thought to be formed by internal processes and are a result of secular evolution in galaxies. We attempt to understand the dependence of secular evolution on environment and morphology. Dividing our sample of disc+bulge galaxies based on group membership into three categories: central and satellite galaxies in groups and isolated field galaxies, we find that pseudo bulge fraction is almost equal for satellite and field galaxies. Fraction of pseudo bulge hosts in central galaxies is almost half of the fraction of pseudo bulges in satellite and field galaxies. This trend is also valid when only galaxies are considered only spirals or S0. Using the projected fifth nearest neighbour density as measure of local environment, we look for the dependence of pseudo bulge fraction on environmental density. Satellite and field galaxies show very weak or no dependence of pseudo bulge fraction on environment. However, fraction of pseudo bulges hosted by central galaxies decreases with increase in local environmental density. We do not find any dependence of pseudo bulge luminosity on environment. Our results suggest that the processes that differentiate the bulge types are a function of environment while processes responsible for the formation of pseudo bulges seem to be independent of environment.