Linear Instability of the Reissner-Nordstr\"om Cauchy Horizon

TL;DR

This paper investigates the nature of scalar wave solutions near the Cauchy horizon in Reissner-Nordström black holes, showing that under certain conditions, solutions exhibit strong singularities in the $W^{1,p}_{loc}$ sense for $1<p<2$, indicating instability.

Contribution

It establishes new conditions under which solutions develop stronger singularities near the Cauchy horizon, extending previous results to a broader parameter range.

Findings

Solutions blow up in $W^{1,p}_{loc}$ for $1<p<2$ under certain conditions.

Singularity strength depends on black hole parameters, with stronger blow-up in specific parameter ranges.

Results extend understanding of linear instability in charged black hole interiors.

Abstract

This work studies solutions of the scalar wave equation \[\Box_g\phi=0\] on a fixed subextremal Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m spacetime with non-vanishing charge $q$ and mass $M$. In a recent paper, Luk and Oh established that generic smooth and compactly supported initial data on a Cauchy hypersurface lead to solutions which are singular in the $W^{1,2}_{loc}$ sense near the Cauchy horizon in the black hole interior, and it follows easily that they are also singular in the $W^{1,p}_{loc}$ sense for $p>2$. On the other hand, the work of Franzen shows that such solutions are non-singular near the Cauchy horizon in the $W^{1,1}_{loc}$ sense. Motivated by these results, we investigate the strength of the singularity at the Cauchy horizon. We identify a sufficient condition on the black hole interior (which holds for the full subextremal parameter range $0<|q|<M$) ensuring $W^{1,p}_{loc}$ blow up near the Cauchy horizon of solutions arising from generic smooth and compactly supported data for every $1<p<2$. We moreover prove that provided the spacetime parameters satisfy $\frac{2\sqrt e}{e+1}<\frac{|q|}{M}<1$, we in fact have $W^{1,p}_{loc}$ blow up near the Cauchy horizon for such solutions for every $1<p<2$. This shows that the singularity is even stronger than was implied by the work of Luk and Oh for this restricted parameter range.