# Diamonds levitating in a Paul trap under vacuum: measurements of laser-induced heating via NV center thermometry

## TL;DR

This study measures the ESR spectra and photoluminescence of levitating diamonds with NV centers in a Paul trap under vacuum, highlighting laser heating effects and steps toward NV spin control in ultra-high vacuum.

## Contribution

It demonstrates the first measurements of NV center ESR and photoluminescence in levitating diamonds under vacuum conditions, addressing laser heating challenges.

## Key findings

- ESR spectra observed at vacuum pressures down to 0.2 mbar
- Photoluminescence detected at pressures down to 0.01 mbar
- Laser heating limits the vacuum pressure range

## Abstract

We present measurements of the Electronic Spin Resonance (ESR) of Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds that are levitating in a ring Paul trap under vacuum. We observe ESR spectra of NV centers embedded in micron-sized diamonds at vacuum pressures down to $2\times 10^{-1}$ mbar, limited by the green laser heating of the diamond. We also observe the NV photoluminescence at vacuum pressures down to $10^{-2}$ mbar and discuss the steps required to control the NV spin under ultra-high vacuum.