# Separation of inverse spin Hall effect and anomalous Nernst effect in ferromagnetic metals

## TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a method to distinguish between inverse spin Hall effect and anomalous Nernst effect in ferromagnetic metals using an exchange bias structure, enabling clearer detection of spin currents for spintronic applications.

## Contribution

The study introduces a practical approach employing exchange bias to separate ISHE and ANE in ferromagnetic metals, advancing spin current detection techniques.

## Key findings

- Successfully separated ISHE and ANE signals in ferromagnetic metals.
- Measured a relative spin Hall angle of NiFe as 0.87.
- Proposed a method for improved spin current detection in spintronics.

## Abstract

Inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) in ferromagnetic metals (FM) can also be used to detect the spin current generated by longitudinal spin Seebeck effect in a ferromagnetic insulator YIG. However, anomalous Nernst effect(ANE) in FM itself always mixes in the thermal voltage. In this work, the exchange bias structure (NiFe/IrMn)is employed to separate these two effects. The exchange bias structure provides a shift field to NiFe, which can separate the magnetization of NiFe from that of YIG in M-H loops. As a result, the ISHE related to magnetization of YIG and the ANE related to the magnetization of NiFe can be separated as well. By comparison with Pt, a relative spin Hall angle of NiFe (0.87) is obtained, which results from the partially filled 3d orbits and the ferromagnetic order. This work puts forward a practical method to use the ISHE in ferromagnetic metals towards future spintronic applications.