# Multipartite Composition of Contextuality Scenarios

## TL;DR

This paper investigates how different methods of combining multiple contextuality scenarios affect the set of allowed probabilistic models, especially focusing on the Almost Quantum Correlations and their relation to the Local Orthogonality principle.

## Contribution

It demonstrates that certain composition rules preserve the invariance of $ ext{Q}_1$ models by capturing Local Orthogonality, highlighting the importance of this principle in scenario composition.

## Key findings

- Some composition rules lead to inequivalent $ ext{Q}_1$ model sets.
- Invariance under composition is restored when rules incorporate Local Orthogonality.
- The study clarifies the role of composition methods in quantum contextuality models.

## Abstract

Contextuality is a particular quantum phenomenon that has no analogue in classical probability theory. Given two independent systems, a natural question is how to represent such a situation as a single test space. In other words, how separate contextuality scenarios combine into a joint scenario. Under the premise that the the allowed probabilistic models satisfy the No Signalling principle, Foulis and Randall defined the unique possible way to compose two contextuality scenarios. When composing strictly-more than two test spaces, however, a variety of possible composition methods have been conceived. Nevertheless, all these formally-distinct composition methods appear to give rise to observationally equivalent scenarios, in the sense that the different compositions all allow precisely the same sets of classical and quantum probabilistic models. This raises the question of whether this property of invariance-under-composition-method is special to classical and quantum probabilistic models, or if it generalizes to other probabilistic models as well, our particular focus being $\mathcal{Q}_1$ models. $\mathcal{Q}_1$ models are physically important since, when applied to scenarios constructed by a particular composition rule, coincide with the well-defined "Almost Quantum Correlations". In this work we see that some composition rules, however, give rise to scenarios with inequivalent allowed sets of $\mathcal{Q}_1$ models. We find that the non-trivial dependence of $\mathcal{Q}_1$ models on the choice of composition method is apparently an artifact of failure of those composition rules to capture the orthogonality relations given by the Local Orthogonality principle. We prove that $\mathcal{Q}_1$ models satisfy invariance-under-composition-method for all the constructive compositions protocols which do capture this notion of Local Orthogonality.