Mesostructured composite materials with electrically tunable upconversion properties

TL;DR

This paper presents the design and characterization of mesostructured nematic liquid crystalline dispersions of upconversion nanoparticles, demonstrating electrically tunable luminescence properties through nanorod rotation at low voltages.

Contribution

It introduces a novel composite material with electrically controllable upconversion and polarization properties by aligning nanorods within a liquid crystal host.

Findings

Electrical switching at ~1V causes nanorod rotation.

Tunable upconversion and polarized luminescence observed.

Models explain spectral and polarization dependencies.

Abstract

A promising approach of designing mesostructured materials with novel physical behavior is to combine unique optical and electronic properties of solid nanoparticles with long-range ordering and facile response of soft matter to weak external stimuli. Here we design, practically realize, and characterize orientationally ordered nematic liquid crystalline dispersions of rod-like upconversion nanoparticles. Boundary conditions on particle surfaces, defined through surface functionalization, promote spontaneous unidirectional self-alignment of the dispersed rod-like nanoparticles, mechanically coupled to the molecular ordering direction of the thermotropic nematic liquid crystal host. As host is electrically switched at low voltages~ 1V, nanorods rotate, yielding tunable upconversion and polarized luminescence properties of the composite. We characterize spectral and polarization dependencies, explain them through invoking models of electrical switching and upconversion dependence on crystalline matrices of nanorods, and discuss potential practical uses.