# Geometric algebra and an acoustic space time for propagation in non-uniform flow

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel application of Geometric Algebra and an acoustic space-time framework to analyze sound propagation in non-uniform flows, extending relativity-inspired concepts to aeroacoustics.

## Contribution

It develops a geometric interpretation of acoustic transformations and derives conditions for sound propagation in non-uniform flows using Geometric Algebra.

## Key findings

- Transformation is automatically satisfied for incompressible or uniform flows.
- Explicit transformations are derived for these special cases.
- The framework applies to any frequency, unlike previous models.

## Abstract

This study aims to make use of two concepts in the field of aeroacoustics; an analogy with relativity, and Geometric Algebra. The analogy with relativity has been investigated in physics and cosmology, but less has been done to use this work in the field of aeroacoustics. Despite being successfully applied to a variety of fields, Geometric Algebra has yet to be applied to acoustics. Our aim is to apply these concepts first to a simple problem in aeroacoustics, sound propagation in uniform flow, and the more general problem of acoustic propagation in non-uniform flows. By using Geometric Algebra we are able to provide a simple geometric interpretation to a transformation commonly used to solve for sound fields in uniform flow. We are then able to extend this concept to an acoustic space-time applicable to irrotational, barotropic background flows. This geometrical framework is used to naturally derive the requirements that must be satisfied by the background flow in order for us to be able to solve for sound propagation in the non-uniform flow using the simple wave equation. We show that this is not possible in the most general situation, and provide an explicit expression that must be satisfied for the transformation to exist. We show that this requirement is automatically satisfied if the background flow is incompressible or uniform, and for both these cases derive an explicit transformation. In addition to a new physical interpretation for the transformation, we show that unlike previous investigations, our work is applicable to any frequency.