# The impact of rational surfaces on radial heat transport in TJ-II

## TL;DR

This study investigates how rational surfaces influence radial heat transport in the TJ-II stellarator, revealing slowed transport near trapping zones and non-local jumps linked to MHD mode coupling.

## Contribution

It introduces an advanced transfer entropy analysis to study heat transport, highlighting the role of rational surfaces and MHD effects in transport dynamics.

## Key findings

- Transport slows near trapping zones at rational surfaces.
- Non-local jumps in heat propagation are linked to MHD mode coupling.
- Flow shear maxima correlate with mini-transport barriers.

## Abstract

In this work, we study the outward propagation of temperature perturbations. For this purpose, we apply an advanced analysis technique, the Transfer Entropy, to ECE measurements performed in ECR heated discharges at the low-shear stellarator TJ-II. We observe that the propagation of these perturbations is not smooth, but is slowed down at specific radial positions, near 'trapping zones' characterized by long time lags with respect to the perturbation origin. We also detect instances of rapid or instantaneous (non-local) propagation, in which perturbations appear to 'jump over' specific radial regions. The analysis of perturbations introduced in a resistive Magneto-Hydrodynamic model of the plasma leads to similar results. The radial regions corresponding to slow radial transport are identified with maxima of the flow shear associated with rational surfaces (mini-transport barriers). The non-local interactions are ascribed to MHD mode coupling effects.