# Photospheric Emission of Gamma-Ray Bursts

## TL;DR

This paper reviews the physics of gamma-ray burst emission from relativistic jets, focusing on photospheric processes, radiative transfer, and how models compare with observations to estimate jet parameters.

## Contribution

It provides a comprehensive review of photospheric emission mechanisms in GRBs, including recent model comparisons and predictions for polarization and neutrino signals.

## Key findings

- Estimates of Lorentz factor and magnetization from model-observation comparisons
- Predictions for GRB polarization levels
- Predictions for neutrino emission from GRB jets

## Abstract

We review the physics of GRB production by relativistic jets that start highly opaque near the central source and then expand to transparency. We discuss dissipative and radiative processes in the jet and how radiative transfer shapes the observed nonthermal spectrum released at the photosphere. A comparison of recent detailed models with observations gives estimates for important parameters of GRB jets, such as the Lorentz factor and magnetization. We also discuss predictions for GRB polarization and neutrino emission.